China and Russia generally adhere to the Leninist concept of the press as being integral to society and therefore subject to regulation. They both also contend with the Communist paradox: the press exists to criticize the system of which it is a part. They reconcile this paradox by directing criticism toward the erring individual rather than…

This booklet is written for physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists, and other health care professionals who must deal with children with a life-threatening illness. It is for health care professionals who seek to help the child live as normal a life as possible in spite of a difficult situation. In five sections, the writings and…

Noting that societies are inherently elitist in their structuring, this paper argues that a greater understanding of society and the communication process can be gained by comprehending the nature of communication among the elite and from the elite to the nonelite. It attempts to provide a theoretical foundation for the investigation of elite…

A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between 38 teachers' perceptions of students' oral communication apprehension, and 776 fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students' self-reports of communication apprehension. The teachers listed the four most apprehensive and the four least apprehensive students in their classrooms, then…

DEPENDENCE UPON SYMBOLS HAS LONG BEEN THE MARK OF CIVILIZED MAN. ALTHOUGH THE MAJORITY OF US HAVE LITTLE TROUBLE IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING THE REFERENTS OF PHYSICAL SYMBOLS, WE ARE LESS SURE WHEN DEALING WITH THE MORE SUBTLE TYPE OF SYMBOLS CALLED WORDS. WE KNOW THAT A WORD'S MEANING MAY VARY ACCORDING TO SPEAKER, WRITER, LISTENER, READER, OR…

One of the sources of conflict in our urban centers today is the distrust that exists between the community and the police. In an effort to improve relations between community members and the police, so that both groups might work together more effectively in solving community problems, the Houston Cooperative Crime Prevention Program was…

Eight Head Start teachers were asked to be consultants in an assessment of the Head Start program and their role in it. The teachers met with a seminar leader from the Evaluation and Research Center at Boston University for seven consecutive 2-hour taped sessions. The topics for discussion included (1) the administrative structure of the agency in…

The central and most common element in existing conceptualizations of communication competency is the concept of control, which suggests that competency is a function of the communicator's ability to exert influence over physical and social surroundings. This paper identifies six phases of the control process: goal specification, information…

Drawn from papers presented at the East-West Communication Institute Seminars on popular culture held yearly from 1974 to 1976, the essays in this report focus on popular images of America held in four countries. Essay topics are: images of the American woman in Japan, the changing images of America in Korean literature, images of America in Malay…

This paper stresses the potentially enormous power of new communications technology and urges communicators to use this power cautiously and wisely. Among the topics considered are the power potential of using communication satellites; the conflict in developing countries between the concept of free communication and the need to protect a people…

In this paper, I will discuss two aspects of communication of utmost consequence in supervision--competence and compassion. Every communication has at least two aspects. One is the content, the information intended. This is the area of competence in communication. The other involves the attitude of the supervisor toward the person to whom the…

The importance of human communication is the focus of this guide for improving language habits, which explores both various communication problems and techniques for handling them. Topics discussed are as follows: bad language habits; words as symbols which do not dictate the nature of things in the real world; inaccurate communication which…

One reason the field of education research is so vague is that there is no specific methodology that belongs to such research. Policy makers and people who appropriate funds would get a clearer idea of what research can contribute to an understanding of schools, colleges, students, and teachers if the research community were clearer about what it…

In this informal report, all but a few of the pages were written after the dialog sessions of March and April 1976, held on four of the Hawaiian Islands--Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii. All of the selections were written by participants in the dialogs. The task of the dialog sessions was to build an understanding of the specific implications of an…

Questionnaires submitted to 454 Pennsylvania teachers indicated that only a small percentage utilize teaching ideas gained directly from reading research. Poor communication between researchers and teachers can be attributed to the underlying purposes for research and the methods through which it is disseminated. The undertaking of research…