The author describes the qualitative features of learning by school pupils in Russia who have completed education under an experimental system. This is done through analysis of certain aspects of their school work in the middle and upper grades. (Author/RM)

Surveys leading positions in political education in Western Germany and outlines the main aspects of neo-conservative, liberal, and socialist thought. For journal availability, see SO 505 820. (Author/DB)

Discusses the difficulties that arise when tests designed for one purpose are used for another. Points out that tests reflect the characteristics of the institutions that use them and emphasizes the need for more careful design of actual instructional programs as well as of the tests intended to assess learning. (Author/GC)

Now is the time to reassess the functions of education and to accept a realistic picture of the actual contribution of schooling to young people and to our national life. (MM)

The work ethic and the success of a system based increasingly upon consumerism has created an image of man in which the quality of life is measured in terms of quantity and ownership of goods; in ethics and attitude, our system of education is creating an ideally receptive population for the producer-consumer society. (JD)

Argues that there are many sources of information about schools other than standardized tests and questionnaires, and stresses the value of careful, unobtrusive observations that are well focused and intelligently interpreted. Lists numerous unobtrusive criteria for possible use in evaluating students, school programs, and school personnel. (JG)

Evidence is cited from one situation that suggests that test anxiety has a positive influence on performance in course assessment, which may be viewed as a less stressful test situation. This result is discussed in terms of Spence's "drive theory." (Author/LBH)

Article states: "It is important to develop selected criteria to utilize in the making of decisions in teaching and learning situations in the school setting." The author recommends and discusses several possible criteria. (Author/RW)

Launched from a social studies class, the institute for Political and Legal Education shows students how government really operates by getting them involved in it. (Editor)

Reported are citizens values regarding the importance of: (1) various university goals and activities; (2) various academic fields or disciplines; and (3) various reasons for attending the University of Minnesota. In a stratified random sample of 722 Minnesota citizens there was a 56 percent response rate and categories of values were identified.…

Discusses definitions and standards of literacy while comparing the cultural-transmission and progressive views of education. (RL)

Proposes an alternative to discipline-based art education (DBAE) called Aesthetic Response Theory (A*R*T*). Reviews problems of DBAE and outlines a curriculum based on the A*R*T* alternative. Concludes that the A*R*T* approach makes the serious study of art more feasible for classroom teachers. (BR)

Describes the SOLO Taxonomy, a five-level hierarchy designed to help teachers evaluate the quality of students' thinking. Illustrates how the taxonomy may be used to construct questions and score responses to test questions. Concludes that the taxonomy has broad curriculum applicability and can make a substantial contribution to improved teaching…

Calls for discontinuing the teaching of the "masterpieces" and modern art in the British primary school. Argues that images of a wider, more accessible kind should form basis of primary visual education. Concludes that children should have a foundation in disciplines such as history, sociology, and art before sophisticated visuals are…