This study investigated "redirects," a procedure in which a teacher redirects a child's communication from the teacher to a peer, as a means to facilitate initiations to peers. Use with four preschool boys with specific language impairment found that most of the redirected initiations received conversational responses from peers. Generalization to…

Explores culture and gender differences in response styles using those of 1,717 children from 5 countries. Responses from the Self-Description Questionnaire-1 were analyzed for inconsistent responding, negativity or positivity bias, lack of profile variation, and social desirability. Relatively substantial country and country-by-gender differences…

The Adolescents' Media Practice Model is proposed and discussed. The model emphasizes a dialectical process in which the media are important cultural agents with influence on audiences that is amplified and restrained by individuals who interact with the media from their own positions. The model is grounded in "room culture." (SLD)

Studies the problem of rural Iowa school personnel classifying students according to a "folk" classification of risk rather than research-derived risk factors. The authors construct a "cognitive map" for these teachers of at-risk students. The implications of the content of this map for meeting the needs of at-risk students are…

Answers the question, "How do families engender caring in children and youth?" by pulling together diverse literatures. Examines adolescent caring behavior and its precursors, and discusses risk and protective factors in the development of caring. A model of the processes underlying caring and the associations among processes is…

Outlines a concept of political virtue, and consequently of civic education, that attempts to give both criticism and emotional engagement their due importance. Educational implications of the concept are explored in relation to the development of a sense of history among students. (SLD)

Adults with mild and moderate levels of retardation (20 living in institutions and 20 in the community) answered simulated job interview questions. The community group produced a greater number of appropriate answers to both simple and complex questions than did the institutional group. (Author/JDD)

Researchers have not yet agreed upon links between stress and illness. Levels of response mediated by the central nervous system are considered important in predicting and determining health consequences of stress. The paper uses the cardiovascular system to examine experimental evidence for the relationship between stress, health/illness, and…

Examined the relationship between teachers' ratings of classroom behavior and fourth graders' achievement. Inattentive-withdrawn and disruptive students were identified. Found that inattentive-withdrawn behavior was associated with depressed academic performance at least as much as disruptive behavior. Results suggest that teachers attend more to…

Presents a summary of research done in the field of young adult literature from 1967 to 1992. Summarizes research done in areas such as methodology, booklists, author studies, critical analysis, social issues, reader response, and reading advocacy. (HB)

Provides an overview of a study of the relationship between classroom context and the revisions of student writers. Indicates that students focus their revisions on surface and stylistic concerns. Suggests how specific features of the classroom context, including teaching methods, may influence the kinds of revisions undertaken by student writers.…

Examines two aspects of the process of family problem-solving therapy: (1) a therapist intervention intended to increase family members' suggestions of solutions; and (2) changes in parent-adolescent conflict as therapy progresses. (LKS)

Interviews with 2,000 youths (ages 10-16) and their caretakers examined whether instruction at school or home about how to prevent victimization impacted on children's behavior in real victimization attempts. Children exposed to comprehensive school-based or home-based instruction were more likely to use recommended self-protection strategies and…

Twenty-eight students (grades six through eight) with severe learning disabilities (LD) received group or individual intervention with either induced positive or neutral moods. The positive affect condition in the individual setting increased coding task performance the most for students with LD. Subjects receiving the neutral affect induction,…

This commentary addresses implications of mothers' delayed posttraumatic stress disorder following the disclosure of sexual abuse of their children. These mothers, who themselves were sexually abused as children, may have significant psychopathology that may complicate their response to their children's psychological needs. (SW)