Carl Jung introduced using creative expression (active imagination (AI)) to connect with contents of ourselves of which we are not aware (the unconscious mind). AI is a powerful technique in psychology and education. Approaches in American education are proving inadequate in several ways. This study applied AI to mathematics classrooms by…

Mathematics and spatial reasoning are inextricably linked. While this is increasingly recognised, a clearer understanding of how spatial reasoning improves your mathematics performance is needed. We sought to explore the role of spatial reasoning strategy use across a range of mathematics assessment tasks with Grade 7 and 9 students. Interviews…

This paper uses data from 10 at-scale field experiments in four countries to estimate the effect of inquiry- and problem-based pedagogy (IPP) on students' mathematics and science test scores. IPP creates active problem-solving opportunities in settings that provide meaning to the child. Students learn by collaboratively solving real-life problems,…

Since 1973, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has gathered information about student achievement in mathematics. The NAEP assessment in mathematics has two components that differ in purpose. One assessment measures long-term trends in achievement among 9-, 13-, and 17-year-old students by using the same basic design each time.…

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that lead to higher academic achievement of African American male students, specifically in mathematics in urban schools. This study employed data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09) which consisted of 1,811 African American male participants randomly selected from 944…

Technology use has become commonplace in some mathematics classrooms, often being used for formative assessment. Research supports the use of technology to engage students, but not as much research exists to investigate the impact on student learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a statistical relationship exists between…

This systematic review of literature synthesizes research on video-based instruction (VBI) to teach mathematics to students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eleven studies, including gray literature, were included in the synthesis resulting in data analysis of performance from 29 participants. To better align with transparent reporting…

Since teachers' attitudes toward mathematics influence both their instructional methodologies (Philipp, 2007) and their students' attitudes toward mathematics (Hofer & Pintrich, 1997; Buehl, Alexander, & Murphy, 2002), it is important to pursue innovative practices to increase preservice teachers' mathematics skills and confidence. Blended…

It is widely believed that the teacher is one of the most important factors influencing a student's success at school. In many countries, teachers' salaries and promotion prospects are determined by their students' performance. Value-added models (VAMs) are increasingly used to measure teacher effectiveness to reward or penalize teachers. The aim…

We determined the relative importance of the so-called approximate number system (ANS), symbolic number comparison (SNC) and verbal and spatial short-term and working memory (WM) capacity for mathematics achievement in 1,254 Grade 2, 4 and 6 children. The large sample size assured high power and low false report probability and allowed us to…

In this study, the prediction level of the fourth-grade students' scientific attitudes on reflective thinking skills for problem solving was examined. The research was conducted using the correlational survey model and the sample of the study consisted of 468 students identified through simple random sampling. According to the findings the…

The purpose of our study was to examine Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) implementation fidelity and student outcomes for secondary schools in a large, urban school district placed under a corrective action plan due to disproportionate suspension practices for students of color. Drawing upon data over a four-year period on PBIS…

The focus on STEM has centered on knowledge use across multiple disciplines. However, there currently exists limited understanding of the relationship between the cognitive practices utilized across these disciplines as a function of performance on standardized assessments. Focusing on science and mathematics, we investigated the direct and…

Goal setting is utilized by adults regularly to foster success. It has also been shown to benefit academic achievement. This 8-week study sought to determine the effects of goal setting on motivation, self-efficacy, and math achievement in elementary students. The quasi-experimental study included 70 students in 3rd and 4th grade math classes.…

This survey design study was designed to test whether the graph skills and affective states of middle school students about graphs differ by their gender, grade level, and graph types (line, bar, and pie). The data collection instruments consisted of two scales developed by the authors and a Graph Skills Test, which consisted of graph questions…