Notes that significantly different results frequently exist between tests that purport to measure the same skill when the same child is tested on both instruments. Considers discrepancies related to examinee, examiner, examinee-examiner interactions, environment, and psychometric characteristics of the tests employed. Cites 10 major psychometric…

Wary infants were more likely than bold infants to reference their mothers when the stimulus, a caged rabbit, was first presented; however, as the exploration period progressed, bold and wary infants referenced equally often. Referencing occurred less often than affective sharing. (RH)

Explored variation in "hardiness" among female elementary teachers (n=134) who had differing levels of burnout despite high levels of occupational stress. Found that teachers with high stress and low burnout were less alienated than were teachers with high stress and high burnout. Low burnout teachers chose more active types of coping…

Assesses Congress's role and development. Concludes that the Constitution's framers designed institutions well-matched to the Constitution's most fundamental purposes. If those purposes remain desirable, changes should be kept marginal. Some marginal changes are suggested. (PS)

College students rated characteristics of men and women depicted in verbal descriptions accompanied by photographs in which they either smiled or did not smile. Controls rated targets without accompanying photographs. When not smiling, women were perceived as less happy, carefree, and relaxed than were men, suggesting the application of different…

Maintains there are many ways to help children develop their language abilities as they learn and that teachers can involve children in activities that bring the children's own knowledge into the curriculum. Illustrated with samples from the science activities of first through third graders. (BB)

This article reports the results of a two-week minicourse designed to teach seventh graders about exceptionalities. Concludes that the unit provided an encouraging demonstration of the receptivity of students at this age to a program designed to teach about differences. (JDH)

Reviews research studies examining relationship between play behaviors and cognitive styles in young children, particularly emphasizing field dependence and field independence, social behavior, and educational and research implications are also presented. (DST)

Analysis of spontaneous storytelling samples of deaf 5- to 7-year-olds (N=15), all exposed to manually coded English for some time, differentially showed characteristics more consistent with either English or Sign Language in the language areas of explicit relations, mimed relations, incorporated relations, and English Functors. (CB)

Describes the salient attributes of adult cognitive functioning and supervisory styles and integrates them within the systems of developmental and clinical supervision to create an individualized professional development plan. (FL)

Discusses changes in conceptions underlying research on individual differences since the 1940s, trends such as the cognitive revolution in psychology and education, and the increase of societal egalitarianism. Argues that current emphasis on the malleability of individual differences demonstrates a need for individualized instruction that…

Assessed several behavioral and personality characteristics that have been implicated in studying the onset of bulimia in female college students (N=80) classified into bulimia, binge eating, and control groups. Results indicated that bulimics and binge eaters differed significantly on all but a few variables. (LLL)

Investigated the differential effect of two kinds of behavior simulation (role-playing) interventions: spontaneous and mimetic-pretend, on the readiness and the responsibility attributions associated with delivering electric shocks to others (N=25). Results showed that the spontaneous subjects were more ego-oriented and inhibited in administering…

Strategic differences in spatial tasks are explained in terms of different cognitive coordinate systems that subjects adopt such as standard versus arbitrary, task-defined axes. A theoretical account of mental rotation of individuals of low and high spatial ability solving problems from psychometric tests is instantiated as computer simulation…

Demonstrating good reliability for the difference score in measurement, the results of this study indicate that the difference score is often highly reliable when the correlation between true change and true initial status is nonnegative. In general, when individual differences in true change are appreciable, the difference score shows strong…