This paper explores the relationship between cultural background and individual styles of learning (cognitive styles) among elementary school students. The hypothesis is that, in spite of dangers inherent in generalizing about all children of a specific culture, there are customary methods of education and child rearing in each cultural group…

Previous research on the nature of aptitude processes had ignored the important differences between speed and level of performance. However, investigations of the relationship between individual differences in speed and level suggest that speed of solving simple spatial tasks is largely independent of level attained on more complex spatial tasks.…

An exploratory study was undertaken to provide a means of quantifying some of the components of the problem solving process. The focus was on actual problem solving behaviors and strategies as they occurred in relation to different cognitive tasks and subject characteristics. Cognitive tasks included items from Wechsler and Binet intelligence…

The consideration of the priorities for education requires careful appraisal of what a community is in the largest sense, of what constitutes a just community, and of the boundaries of education. Achieving a just community will depend both on respect for the person in all his diversity and on recognition and reaffirmation that there is a general…

Implications for the planning of children's physical education programs are threefold. A philosophical statement should underlie the curriculum development. The objectives of the programs should reflect input from the practitioner and the researcher, as well as from the student. Teachers must become sensitive to the cognitive and affective aspects…

This study investigates the perceptual processing capabilities by analysis of eye movement of children from differing levels of field independence/dependence. Forty nine field independent (24 girls, 26 boys) and 36 field dependent (19 girls, 17 boys) children in third grade were analyzed as they viewed either seven dynamic or seven static segments…

Seven simulation games were played and evaluated by twenty-six graduate students as part of a course in simulation/gaming. Each student also completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a personality type inventory which assigns each person to one of 16 types based on their placement on each of four dichotomous dimensions. The students' evaluation…

Seven mediational strategies for use in verbal associative learning have been discovered. They range from the simple to the intermediate to the complex. The subjects of this study were 173 fifth graders, who were administered a paired-associate (PA) task and asked to identify the strategies they used. On the basis of this data, they were then…

Physical education, intramurals, and interscholastics are often key areas of study for staffs working to provide for the physical needs of the middle school child. This paper gives direction to the development of programs in physical education in this area. A brief analysis of the problems involved in physical education at the middle school level…

Albert Michotte, known primarily for his research in perception, also carried out several experiments in logical memory (conceptual or intellectual memory). He was strongly influenced by Kulpe, feeling that the thought processes were autonomous, in contradiction to more traditional and elementary conceptions of mental activity. His experiments,…

As part of a long term project relating individual differences in performance on paper and pencil tests of intellectual aptitude and achievement to differences observed in laboratory studies of cognition, data have been collected comparing test scores with simple choice reaction times. The three studies summarized here suggest that the…

As part of an ongoing study of handicapped children in the open classroom, 12 children (in grades K through 4) were observed who had been identified by their teachers as either benefiting most or least from open class instruction. The literature review of the entire study focused on the critical variables (teachers' roles, individual differences,…

This paper presents an overview of the knowledge afforded man from research into personality. Approaching his topic from a position valuing the study of persons from complementary psychological perspectives, the author attempts to derive some conclusion about human behavior and personality. He discusses the findings that there is basic continuity…

The problem of interpreting the dimensionality underlying binary test data is addressed. Medical school students were tested on both achievement and aptitude measures. The person-by-test (aptitude) interaction matrix was factor-analyzed to identify patterns of individual differences. The resultant groups of similar patterns were used as the…

This paper will discuss the results of a series of computer simulations comparing the Rasch logistic model to a series of models departing to various degrees from its assumption of equal discrimination power for all items. The results have implications for test construction and test scoring, indicating how closely the conventional raw score…