A fundamental fact of the analysis of variance statistical procedure is that if the omnibus F test of an effect is significant, then there exists at least one contrast of that effect that will be significantly different from zero according to the S-method of Scheffe. The caveat to this rule is that the significant contrast(s) may not be of any…

Two types of statistical analyses of rating scale data are discussed. An example, with its accompanying mathematical calculations for each type, is presented; and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. It is judged that the little-known and seldom-used Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test should be reexamined because of its…

The implications of data from a review of ten years of the American Educational Research Journal (AERJ) indicating that random sampling is rare and that there is increased use of quasi-experimental designs lacking in random assignment are considered. It is suggested that tests of significance could be abandoned or at least placed in a subsidiary…

The problem of determing how many significant discriminant functions are present in a given data set for a one-way, fixed-effects multivariate analysis of variance design is studied using a Monte Carlo procedure. A variety of procedures, including the popular partitioned-U procedure, are compared with respect to their Type I error rates and power…

A correction of the standard F-ratio for unreliability of the dependent measure has recently been proposed by Winne; the rationale is analogous to that of correcting a correlation for attenuation. However, there are two problems associated with Winne's correction of which potential users should be aware. First, the corrected statistic, F*, has…

The known interval scale, referred to as the 7.8 scale, has been criticized as an invalid measuring instrument in the form of an attitude scale. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate that this scale can produce spuriously inflated correlation coefficients, high reliability, and false significance on statistical tests. The case will be…

Part and bi-partial canonical correlations were developed by extending the definitions of part and bi-partial correlation to sets of variates. These coefficients may be used to help researchers explore relationships which exist among several sets of normally distributed variates. (Author)

In this paper it is argued that the problem of construct validation in the construction of instruments and indicators is an important problem for educational researchers and practitioners; moreover, it is claimed that the popular notion of operational definition is a misleading idea which has obscured the problem of construct validity in…

An equation was derived to determine the relationship between the pooled within-subgroup r (correlation coefficient) and the r obtained from the total group data. It was, thus, possible to assess the amount of distortion introduced by pooling heterogeneous subgroups. As a basis for deciding whether to pool two subgroups in order to calculate a…

A computer-based learning simulation was developed at Florida State University which allows for high interactive responding via a time-sharing terminal for the purpose of demonstrating descriptive and inferential statistics. The statistical simulation (STATSIM) is comprised of four modules--chi square, t, z, and F distribution--and elucidates the…

Computational formulae for the following three tests of significance, useful in the interrupted time series design, are given: (1) a "t" test (Mood, 1950) for the significance of the first post-change observation from a value predicted by a linear fit of the pre-change observations; (2) an "F" test (Walker and Lev, 1953) of the…

The results of an extensive analysis of the statistical methodology employed by researchers whose manuscripts were published in the first twelve volumes of the "Educational Administration Quarterly" are reported. (Author)

A goodness of fit test presented by Andersen (EJ 143 939) is shown to be incorrect. The correct test is described and a re-analysis of Andersen's data is provided. (Author/CTM)

Graham Douglas' claims (TM 503 496) that the X2-test statistics of the paper, "Paired Comparisons with Individual Differences" (EJ 143 939), are incorrect are acknowledged to be justified (Author/CTM)

Reports a class exercise which requires students to recalculate the Chi-squares, t-tests, and one-way ANOVAs found in published psychological research articles. Describes students' reaction to the exercise and provides data on the 13% error rate they discovered. (Author/JDH)