Albert Michotte, known primarily for his research in perception, also carried out several experiments in logical memory (conceptual or intellectual memory). He was strongly influenced by Kulpe, feeling that the thought processes were autonomous, in contradiction to more traditional and elementary conceptions of mental activity. His experiments,…

As part of a long term project relating individual differences in performance on paper and pencil tests of intellectual aptitude and achievement to differences observed in laboratory studies of cognition, data have been collected comparing test scores with simple choice reaction times. The three studies summarized here suggest that the…

As part of an ongoing study of handicapped children in the open classroom, 12 children (in grades K through 4) were observed who had been identified by their teachers as either benefiting most or least from open class instruction. The literature review of the entire study focused on the critical variables (teachers' roles, individual differences,…

This paper presents an overview of the knowledge afforded man from research into personality. Approaching his topic from a position valuing the study of persons from complementary psychological perspectives, the author attempts to derive some conclusion about human behavior and personality. He discusses the findings that there is basic continuity…

The problem of interpreting the dimensionality underlying binary test data is addressed. Medical school students were tested on both achievement and aptitude measures. The person-by-test (aptitude) interaction matrix was factor-analyzed to identify patterns of individual differences. The resultant groups of similar patterns were used as the…

This paper will discuss the results of a series of computer simulations comparing the Rasch logistic model to a series of models departing to various degrees from its assumption of equal discrimination power for all items. The results have implications for test construction and test scoring, indicating how closely the conventional raw score…

Individual differences in the ordered recall of list of digits are examined experimentally. The resulting evidence argues that neither differences in rehearsal strategies nor differences in the tendency to group and chunk the digits are major determinants of differences in digit span size. Further experiments attempt to pinpoint the source of…

Three related experimental studies analyzed rate and accuracy of test response under time-limit and no-time-limit conditions. Test instructions and multiple-choice vocabulary items were administered by computer. Student volunteers received monetary rewards under both testing conditions. In the first study college students were blocked into high-…

Statistics from research studies indicate that boys have more difficulty than girls in learning to read. As a result, changes being made in the educational system are aimed at adapting early instruction to the individual needs and capacities of boys as well as girls. This booklet focuses on past research on sex differences in reading achievement,…

Summarized are results of an investigation of elementary age listeners' preferences for the rate of presentation of recorded information in which it was found that children, when given the opportunity, will manipulate the rate of presentation of recorded information, that they have a preference for rates of presentation, and that individual…

To learn if differences in age, intelligence, and sex account for differences in children's memory of TV commercials and "degree of insistence" (DI) after viewing them, 54 gifted, 71 normal, and 53 educable mentally retarded children (of both sexes, 7-13 years) were questioned. The mediating influence of the three independent variables on DI was…

This paper deals with a study designed to pursue the question; "What treatment by whom is most effective for this individual with that specific problem under which set of circumstances?" One of the objectives of the study was to determine if there was any relationship between two predictor variables, personality type (extraversion-introversion)…

Special features of a nongraded elementary school program are reviewed as a guide to those wishing to implement the concept as a way to provide individualized instruction and quality education for all students. Emphases include the individual differences of students, the restrictive character of graded schools, curriculum patterns, levels of…

One of the most pressing needs in education today is the adaptation of instruction to individual characteristics and background. The Individually Prescribed Instruction project (IPI) of the University of Pittsburgh represents an investigation into the requirements for and the problems encountered in developing a system for individualizing…

This study seeks to identify in advance the personality traits of freshmen who will later seek counseling because of psychological discomfort. When clients were compared with nonclients (415 males, 257 females), psychiatric clients (10 males, 16 females) were higher in impulsivity, and lower in order and cognitive structure; and personal…