This volume examines the ramifications of individual differences in therapy outcomes for a wide variety of communication disorders. In an era where evidence-based practice is the clinical profession's watchword, each chapter attacks this highly relevant issue from a somewhat different perspective. In some areas of communication disorders,…

The "APA Educational Psychology Handbook" reflects the broad nature of the field today, with state-of-the-science reviews of the diverse critical theories driving research and practice; in-depth investigation of the range of individual differences and cultural/contextual factors that affect student achievement, motivation, and beliefs;…

People can use a variety of different strategies to perform tasks and these strategies all have two characteristics in common. First, they can be evaluated in comparison with either an absolute or a relative standard. Second, they can be used at varying levels of consistency. In the present article, the authors develop a general theory of task…

The Reflective Judgment Model and associated interview (RJI) (Kitchener and King, 1981) measure the ability of individuals to reason about ill-structured problems. It has gained popularity as a measure of college outcomes associated with postsecondary education. This study examines general claims for the model made from existing data from 15 of 25…

The purpose of this book is to help children in grades 2-6 realize that being "different" is okay; in fact, it makes people more interesting and makes the world a better place. The book is intended to help children with disabilities feel better about themselves, and to help children without disabilities see that people who have…

This report attempts to profile students who participated in a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) research and development project. The researchers hoped to find some pattern or common denominator within each group i.e., the successes, the failures, and the dropouts, that would identify group membership and distinguish one group from…

Mental models or implicit theories held by adults about everyday problem solving were studied. Research questions were posed to 12 male and 12 female adults, aged 25 to 60 years, from a wide range of educational and occupational orientations. Subjects were interviewed in pairs. Verbal Protocol Analysis was used to analyze the data from two…

The field of education has largely ignored the concept of the dialectic, except in the Socratic teaching method, and even there bipolar meaning or reasoning has not been recognized. Mainstream educational psychology bases its assumptions about human reasoning and learning on current demonstrative concepts of information processing and levels of…

The relationship between language and symbolic play was studied in a sample of children identified as referential in style (multiple noun utterances exceeded pronoun or no-noun utterances), as compared with a sample identified as expressive in style (pronoun utterances or no-noun utterances exceeded multiple noun utterances). Children were…

Presents evidence that there are relatively stable individual differences in the belief in a just world and that these differences may underlie the ways in which people react to victimized persons and groups, both outside and inside the experimental laboratory. (Author/AM)

Article provided a systems approach to individualized instruction. (Editor/RK)

A popular children's TV series seeks to substitute understanding and sensitivity for the mystery that often surrounds the disabled. (Editor)

The twelve characteristics of an ideal training course discussed in the article are based on the workshop course Criterion-Referenced Instruction: Analysis, Design and Implementation by Bob Mager and Peter Pipe. Behavioral objectives, provision for student differences, practice, feedback, diverse materials, and progress information are some of the…

An examination of the implications of attempting to reconcile philosophical beliefs concerning equality of opportunity with observed differences in equality of performance, which argues that there can be no real escape from inequality. Efforts to ignore, deny, or cope with the issue of group differences and group inequality must exact a price,…

The level of assigned reading in textbooks is compared with the measured reading ability of pupils in the elementary grades 1-5. Results identify problem areas in the implementation of individualized instruction. (CS)