To identify school-level policies and practices and to see if they reinforced mastery and performance goals for students, interviews were conducted with five principals in schools participating in a collaborative effort to move selected classrooms toward a focus on mastery and learning. Interviews were designed to help understand how principals'…

This paper addresses the lack of a clear definition in the educational profession of such key terms as philosophies, goals, and objectives. Accordingly, a clear rationale and definition is proposed for each of these terms, along with examples illustrating their appropriate use. An educational philosophy is defined as a statement of motivating…

Non-traditional adult students at West Los Angeles Community College (WLACC) who already had bachelor's or higher degrees were surveyed to ascertain why they had returned to college, why particularly to the community college, and what they expected to get from it. Questionnaires were mailed to 120 students who had completed the fall 1977 semester;…

Before teachers can decide how to teach writing to nonstandard dialect speakers, they should determine whether college students can in fact learn to command a second dialect (in this case, Standard English), as well as the most effective way to provide access to command of Standard English while educating the public about the values of nonstandard…

Social theory defines "ritualism" as the communal act of accepting the legitimate means to achieve while rejecting the goals. The innovative-school community accepts the goals; however, the legitimate means are rejected. Ninety-three teachers were surveyed in a high-performing high school and a low-performing high school to determine the…

Due to their more diverse populations, urban colleges have different concerns than suburban and rural colleges, and they must provide programs and services specific to those concerns. The question arises as to whether urban college effectiveness can be measured with traditional indicators. The declining test scores in American public schools have…

It is argued that education for learners of all ages provides new opportunities for higher education in the 1980s. Twenty organizing principles, based on theory and practice, are offered as guidelines for building quality programs. (JSR)

Presents results of a survey of undergraduate physics students which was conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in order to ascertain the students' career goals, perceptions of the job market in physics, and reasons for pursuing a degree in physics. (HM)

A discussion of the use of learning outcomes to guide and measure college student learning considers, first, the distinction between "objectives" (educational, instructional, behavioral, nonbehavioral, teaching, and expressive) and "learning outcomes" (subject-specific, student, and teacher-specific). It concludes that outcome statements and…

Discusses the question of whether community colleges are providing valid liberal arts/general education curricula, citing both community college critics and supporters. Argues for a definition of liberal arts/general education that takes into account the educational aspirations of community college students. Considers the fine line between liberal…

This paper presents the position of the Council for Exceptional Children's Division on Career Development that education for career development and transition should be provided to all elementary-aged students. Information supporting the position covers career development stages, desired educational outcomes, and principles of elementary-level…

The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) recommends that schools and teacher preparation programs provide new teachers of science with comprehensive induction programs. Research suggests these programs should address specifics for teachers of science, involve trained mentors, provide adequate time to support continual learning of new…

This study focuses on the rate of the participation of the member countries in the objectives of UNESCO. Text-based approach in method of content analysis has been used to carry out the study. The objectives of UNESCO have been identified and examined to reveal whether the member countries acknowledge these objectives among their national…

Since 2002, 38 states have developed or revised their mathematics curriculum standards, some of which are intended to serve as "models" for local districts, while others are mandatory and specify the mathematics all students in the state are expected to learn at particular grades. The state curriculum standards serve as guidelines for shaping each…

Instruction and assessment need to be understood and thought about within the cultural context in which they occur. Educators and educational researchers may make assumptions that apply in their home culture but not elsewhere. And even different subcultures within an overall mainstream culture may have different views on instruction and…