In recent years, computerized adaptive testing (CAT) has gained popularity as an important means to evaluate students' ability. Assigning tags to test questions is crucial in CAT. Manual tagging is widely used for constructing question banks; however, this approach is time-consuming and might lead to consistency issues. Automatic question tagging,…

This paper reports on the proposed transfer of a paper-based English proficiency exam to an online platform. We discuss both the potential predetermined advantages, which were the impetus for the project, and also some emergent benefits, which prompted an in-depth analysis and reconceptualisation of the exam's role, which in turn we hope will…

In meta-analytic studies, there are often multiple moderators available (eg, study characteristics). In such cases, traditional meta-analysis methods often lack sufficient power to investigate interaction effects between moderators, especially high-order interactions. To overcome this problem, meta-CART was proposed: an approach that applies…

This article develops a set-theoretic approach to Bayes's theorem and Bayesian process tracing. In the approach, hypothesis testing is the procedure whereby one updates beliefs by narrowing the range of states of the world that are regarded as possible, thus diminishing the domain in which the actual world can reside. By explicitly connecting…

Mindfulness meditation involves focusing one's attention on the present moment in a non-judgmental way. Several recently published investigations have demonstrated that a brief session of mindfulness meditation, practiced before a higher-education course lecture, can improve performance on a quiz over lecture content given immediately following…

Lord's (1980) equity theorem claims observed-score equating to be possible only when two test forms are perfectly reliable or strictly parallel. An analysis of its proof reveals use of an incorrect statistical assumption. The assumption does not invalidate the theorem itself though, which can be shown to follow directly from the discrete nature of…

This special issue brings together research in multilingualism within applied linguistics to delineate conceptualizations of multilingualism as constructs amenable for classroom and standardized testing systems operations. Specifically, for language testing and assessment, there have been multiple calls for the field to embrace multilingual…

What is the best way of discovering the underlying structure of a causal system composed of multiple variables? One prominent idea is that learners should manipulate each candidate variable in isolation to avoid confounds (sometimes known as the control of variables [CV] strategy). We demonstrate that CV is not always the most efficient method for…

Evolution causes biological and cultural diversity through adaptation to environmental conditions. This idea forms the cornerstone of recent research on the ecological origins of innovation and creativity, advanced prominently by Van de Vliert and Murray (2018) as the "ecotheory of creativity." Van de Vliert and Murray propose that heat…

The study examined Social Studies teachers' perception of values clarification strategy for curbing examination mal-practice in upper basic schools in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara state. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population for this study was all teachers in Upper Basic schools while the target population was Upper Basic…

The Mantel-Haenszel delta difference (MH D-DIF) and the standardized proportion difference (STD P-DIF) are two observed-score methods that have been used to assess differential item functioning (DIF) at Educational Testing Service since the early 1990s. Latentvariable approaches to assessing measurement invariance at the item level have been…

Forced-choice (FC) measures are becoming increasingly common in the assessment of personality for high-stakes testing purposes in both educational and organizational settings. Despite this, there has been relatively little research into the reliability of scores obtained from these measures, particularly when administered as a computerized…

Calibration of an item bank for computer adaptive testing requires substantial resources. In this study, we investigated whether the efficiency of calibration under the Rasch model could be enhanced by improving the match between item difficulty and student ability. We introduced targeted multistage calibration designs, a design type that…

This article explores the comparability of assessment tools under different format conditions. Prior studies have not considered the interaction of format and device on time to complete an assessment and have instead treated each of them separately with conflicting results. This study assesses, by linear regressions using web-based data, the…

The purpose of the current study was to examine the differences between number and types of administration and scoring errors made by administration method (digital/Q-Interactive vs. paper-and-pencil) on the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-V). WISC-V administration and scoring checklists were developed in order to provide an…