This paper discusses a research study that focused on middle grades students' abilities to read and to move between different graphical representations before and after instruction. The data analyzed were collected from a group of 76 sixth grade students who were in 3 different mathematics classes in a middle school located in central North…

CHROMACODE is a conceptual tool that uses systematic, logical, and visual processes for organizing and analyzing qualitative research findings for the researcher with relatively low technical knowledge of data analysis. It can best be described as a visual conceptual scheme with coding based on a color-dependent procedure. Color provides a sense…

Empirical Bayes (EB) methods are frequently used on hierarchical linear models in practice. This paper provides an overview of parametric EB methods with special emphasis on their application in data-analytic settings. Eight different models with different levels of complexity are described. Comparisons of performance with other methods are…

Methodological issues of using a class of neural networks called Mixture Density Networks (MDN) for discriminant analysis are discussed. MDN models have the advantage of having a rigorous probabilistic interpretation, and they have proven to be a viable alternative as a classification procedure in discrete domains. Both classification and…

The use of the 2 x 2 matrix in qualitative data analysis and theory generation is discussed, embracing the perspective that the objective of qualitative research in general and the analysis of qualitative data in particular is the development of theory. A 2 x 2 matrix is considered to be a tabular representation of the relationship of two…

This book is designed to give step-by-step instructions necessary to do most major types of data analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). SPSS is a powerful tool that is capable of conducting nearly any type of data analysis used in the social sciences. This book should enable the reader to do 95% of what the program…

The primary thesis of this paper is that James J. Gibson and Kurt Lewin and their followers subscribe to the central ecological notions of interdependence of organisms and their environments. An attempt is made to show the connections between Gibson's conceptualization of affordance, and the related Lewinian notion of psychological ecology.…

The purposes of the present paper are to address the historical development of statistical significance testing and to briefly examine contemporary practices regarding such testing in the light of these historical origins. Precursors leading to the advent of statistical significance testing are examined as are more recent controversies surrounding…

This report compares three approaches to descriptive research, focusing on the kinds of descriptions developed and on the methods used to develop the descriptions. The main emphasis in all three approaches is on verbal data. In these approaches the importance of interpretation and its intuitive nature are emphasized. The three approaches, however,…

Several important issues related to canonical correlation have been recognized and resolved during the last several years. The purpose of this presentation is to offer an organized, comprehensive, and current annotated bibliography of the many recent developments and extensions of canonical methods. The bibliography does not emphasize references…

This is the second in a series of studies designed to test the effectiveness of a particular methodological approach which can be used in analyzing data gathered in the process of assessing managerial applicants in the employment situation. (Author)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of amount of information and number of judgments required of subjects upon information order effects in recruitment interview decisions. (Author)

Article provided the school administrator with an evaluation of findings concerning the level of teacher participation in decisions in his organizational unit and listed some steps for using such data. (Author/RK)

Earlier reports of the pain of putting hand and forearm in circulating ice water were recomputed to study how subjects scale that pain and to find appropriate measures of its reduction under hypnotic analgesia. (Editor)