A task given to equal numbers of high- and low-achieving machining students and electrical fitting students tested their ability to form sets and set hierarchies. Electrical fitting students had higher achievement. Results suggested that low achievers in technical math may have difficulty with sets because of lack of language facility. (SK)

Recall of teaching events from a lesson is an important part of reflectivity for preservice teachers. Researchers examined questions about the differences between unaided and aided recall of deviations from planned lessons. Results indicated student teachers recalled less than half their deviations and were prone to forgetting student-initiated…

Problem-solving models in memories of 11 good and 12 poor novice first-year university students were studied. The students reconstructed physics problems seen briefly, relying on models in memory. Both good and poor students had models of problem situations at their disposal, but good students performed better than poor students. (SLD)

Two experiments compared the working memory performance of 77 highly gifted seventh and eighth graders (13 and 14 Years ole) with verbal or mathematical precocity, or both. Different types of intellectual talent correlate with different working memory characteristics and differences in how digit and word stimuli are represented in memory. (SLD)

Three experiments (initial total sample of 190 college students) examined students' long-term retention of knowledge learned in college courses. Results of all experiments suggest that students remember a great deal of what they learn up to 11 months later and that tutoring has positive effects on recall by tutors. (SLD)

This study of 48 individuals with visual impairments (16 middle-aged with experience in synthetic speech, 16 middle-aged inexperienced, and 16 older inexperienced) found that speech synthesis, compared to natural speech, generally yielded lower results with respect to memory and understanding of texts. Experience had no effect on performance.…

Describes Finnish children's views about their early childhood education experiences, comparing children attending preschools, day-care centers, and family day care. In written essays, 704 urban and rural children in third, fourth, and fifth grades reported their experiences regarding basic care, education, caregivers, peer relationships, physical…

Explored the relationship between three personality traits in older adults and improvement in face-name recall after three types of intervention. Results showed improvement in recall after intervention; a correlation between the openness trait and recall with all interventions; and a correlation between the fantasy subfactor trait and recall with…

This study evaluated the recognition and retention of transparent and nontransparent manual signs by 50 sign-naive hearing college freshmen. There was a significant decrease in the number of nontransparent signs retained as the period of time after training increased. Implications for sign language training with nonverbal hearing persons are…

Reviews major research conducted between 1984 and 1989 on test anxiety among college, concluding that test anxiety may result from long-term memory problems. Explores techniques for reducing test anxiety, assessing the relative validity of each. Proposes a holistic approach to reducing test anxiety that addresses cognitive and emotional…

In 2 studies, 374 undergraduate students gave retrospective reports of their favorite games, toys, hobbies, and sports in elementary school, high school, and college. Results show that sex similarities and differences vary as a function of kind of play. Implications of sex differences for socialization and moral reasoning are discussed. (SLD)

Investigated whether children's ability to recognize themselves in delayed video feedback indicates change in self awareness. Parallel results in both conditions studied, and the likelihood of false positives and false negatives indicate that the video test in its present form may not be a valid measure of differences in self-awareness. (Author)

Summarizes research findings that challenge long-standing theories of infant cognition and motor development and proposes alternative theoretical models to describe skill acquisition during the first several years of life. Findings are discussed with respect to research in the area of infant speech physiology and production. (Author/CR)

Examined the effects of phonological memory and native-language (NL) literacy acquisition on learning English as a foreign language. Subjects were Finnish first graders, who were age 7 at the beginning of the study. Results suggest NL literacy is highly significant for foreign-language learning and that one way to promote foreign-language learning…

A study involving 11 boys (ages 6-12) with high-functioning autism and 11 boys with moderate-functioning autism examined memory strategy use on a serial recall task and a recall readiness task. Significant spontaneous strategy use was found on both tasks, particularly among the high-functioning group, although still lower than typical controls.…