The incubation effect (IE) is a problem-solving phenomenon composed of three phases: pre-incubation where one fails to solve a problem; incubation, a momentary break where time is spent away from the unsolved problem; and post-incubation where the unsolved problem is revisited and solved. Literature on IE was limited to experiments involving…

This study was the first to test both the independent and additive effects of change-detection prompts and warnings about potential discrepancies between an event and post-event information on susceptibility to misinformation. Participants (N = 239) viewed a mock crime video, read a post-event narrative containing misinformation, and completed a…

Previous research suggests that statistical learning enhances memory for self-related information at the individual level and that individuals exhibit better memory for partner-related items than they do for irrelevant items in joint contexts (i.e., the joint memory effect, JME). However, whether statistical learning improves memory for…

In this study, temporal speech cues were integrated into online curriculum to solve non-routine problems in curricular multimedia. Teachers-in-training (n=56) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. It was expected that participants in the temporal speech cues condition would be more likely to solve problems than those in the…

Choosing which words to teach is a key consideration for language teachers and materials writers. Some studies have shown that teaching words in semantically related clusters can make learning more difficult. However, others argue it is the physical similarity of the referents of words that causes confusion. Importantly, studies have employed…

Episodic retrieval plays a functional-adaptive role in supporting divergent creative thinking, the ability to creatively combine different pieces of information. However, the same constructive memory process that provides this benefit can also lead to memory errors. Prior behavioral work has shown that there is a positive correlation between the…

Purpose: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders historically exhibit lower and more variable nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ) scores compared to their typically developing peers. We hypothesize that the intrinsic characteristics of the tests themselves, particularly the cognitive constructs they assess, may account for both the lower scores and…

This paper exemplifies a way of recasting researchers' autobiographical narratives as an intellectual resource. In so doing, it aims to describe the inherent complexity and multilayered nature of the onto-epistemic foundations for studying global education policy (GEP). It seeks to achieve this aim through self-reflective thinking about my own…

Although leisure participation has been recognized as an essential life domain that contributes to university students' lives and education, only a paucity of research has focused on the effects of past leisure experiences on education among university students. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to explore the role of post-leisure…

In many circumstances in everyday life, individuals offload information to external stores (e.g., shopping lists) to compensate for limitations in internal memory. When saving information externally, individuals tend to refrain from actively encoding an additional internal copy of the information, leading to a weakening of its internal trace. This…

"Motor fluency" refers to the ease with which an action can be performed and several studies have shown how it can modulate various cognitive processes, such as memory and decision making. To investigate these implications of motor fluency, typing-based paradigms have been proven to be useful. In this literature, based on pioneering…

The impact of many interventions weakens during the scaling up process and low fidelity of implementation (i.e. delivering an intervention but not as it was intended) may explain why. In this paper we introduce, discuss, and exemplify the use of a framework for developing fidelity tools that aim to measure and promote fidelity of implementation.…

In the field of multimedia learning, instructional videos have become a widely used tool to facilitate knowledge acquisition across various educational contexts. However, designing these videos effectively is critical to enhancing learning outcomes and minimizing cognitive overload. To address this challenge, researchers have developed design…

Mathematical problem-solving places heavy demands on children's developing working memory capacity. This review examines how offloading numerical information using embodied (e.g. finger counting) or external tools (e.g. manipulatives) can reduce cognitive load and improve mathematical task performance. Strategic offloading emerges in childhood;…

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the retrieval of information through testing can enhance long term memory. Data has been less clear concerning the utility of concept mapping as an alternative retrieval practice technique. The study described here extended that research by matching the time for different study conditions, by utilizing…