A paired-associate memory task with pictures and words as items was used to categorize fourth graders into four learner types (high/low picture x high/low word performance). Poor paired-associate learners profited more than did good paired-associate learners from picture aids on the prose task. (Author/BW)

Explores differences in the prose recall of native English speakers and English as a second language learners reading in English. Meyer's content structure analysis was used to analyze the experimental reading passage and the recall paraphrases written about it. Suggests recommendations for future research and implications for reading instruction.…

Discusses two experiments designed to clarify the cognitive functions of mnemonics in fact learning. One presents subjects with a single attribute mnemonic, providing only the perceptual link, while the other presents subjects with a two-stage model serving the cognitive functions of providing a perceptual link followed by a meaningful link. (MBR)

Infant novelty scores correlated significantly with measures of cognitive outcome beginning at 24 months of age and continuing at 34, 40, and 72 months of age. Parental education was strongly correlated with cognitive outcome beginning at about two years of age. (RH)

Results of this investigation suggest that the greater an individual's cognitive sophistication about conversation, the better his or her performance in, and memory for, social interaction. (Auth/PD)

A longitudinal study of 62 kindergarten children showed that inferior performance on tests of syllable-counting, word-string memory, and Corsi blocks may presage future reading problems in grade one. Procedures are suggested for kindergarten screening and for helping children at risk for reading failure. (Author/CL)

Describes an experiment that explored the relationships between text structure, prior knowledge, and reader's purpose on the processing of text and memory for text information. Results demonstrated that the strategies used to read text are flexible. (HOD)

Concludes that using a reading plan sheet and prompting cards helped fourth grade students increase their literal recall. (FL)

Describes a study that attempts to validate the Edmonds Learning Style Identification Exercise (ELSIE), purported to be a quick and easy means to identify and analyze a postulated relationship between preference for sensory modality in learning style and the potential for success in second language learning. (SL)

Examined research into the memory deficit of retarded readers within a working memory framework. Results showed fairly consistent evidence that reading retardation can be associated with a deficit in long-term storage of phonological information, which may affect retarded readers' ability to utilize the articulatory loop. (JAC)

In an effort to supplement textbooks for Elementary German college students, a series of spoken vocabulary lists has been recorded on tape. The added audio dimension gives an extra focus for learning and aids pronunciation and phonetic understanding. Students may copy tapes for independent study. A recording script is included. (CHK)

Twenty-eight children at each of five grade levels (nursery-1, 3, and 5) were tested in a serial-position recall task. Stimuli were pictures of common objects and animals whose labels were one or two syllables in length. Following testing, children were asked to report the memory strategy used. (JH)

Second graders (n=60) and adults (n=60 college students) solved word problems containing relevant information, irrelevant numeric information, and nonrelevant linguistic information. Recall and recognition tasks, along with cued and uncued word stem completion were used to test subjects' memory for relevant versus nonrelevant information. Recall…

Multiple-choice tests such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) provide useful instruments to probe the distribution of student difficulties on a large scale. However, traditional analysis often relies solely on scores (number of students giving the correct answer). This ignores what can be significant and important information: the distribution…

Once material has been learned to a criterion of one perfect trial, further study within the same session constitutes overlearning. Although overlearning is a popular learning strategy, its effect on long-term retention is unclear. In two experiments presented here, 218 college students learned geography facts (Experiment 1) or word definitions…