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Wilkey, Eric D. – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2023
Attention and executive functions (EFs) play a critical role in academic skill development, including literacy and numeracy. Deficits in attention and EFs often accompany learning disorders, such as dyslexia and dyscalculia. Despite their well-established link, we lack a nuanced understanding of the specific neurobiological mechanisms that…
Descriptors: Attention, Executive Function, Neurology, Cognitive Processes
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Freis, Samantha M.; Morrison, Claire L.; Lessem, Jeffrey M.; Hewitt, John K.; Friedman, Naomi P. – Developmental Science, 2022
Executive functions (EFs) and intelligence (IQ) are phenotypically correlated. In twin studies, latent variables for EFs and IQ display moderate to high heritability estimates; however, they show variable genetic correlations in twin studies spanning childhood to middle age. We analyzed data from over 11,000 children (9- to 10-year-olds, including…
Descriptors: Genetics, Environmental Influences, Executive Function, Intelligence
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Reilly, Shannon E.; Downer, Jason T.; Grimm, Kevin J. – Developmental Science, 2022
Executive functions (EF) are key predictors of long-term success that develop rapidly in early childhood. However, EF's developmental trajectory from preschool to kindergarten is not fully understood due to conceptual ambiguity (e.g., whether it is a single construct or multiple related constructs) and methodological limitations (e.g., previous…
Descriptors: Child Development, Developmental Stages, Executive Function, Preschool Children
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Xin-Xin Huang; Li-Zhen Zheng; Qin-Fang Qian; Yan Huang; Yan-Xia Wang; Ping Ou – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2025
Background: In addition to attention and hyperactivity problems, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have poorer organizational skills needed to manage time and materials. This study examines the improvement of organizational skills in children with ADHD by studying organizational skills training (OST). Methods: This was…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Organizational Development, Time Management
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Cai Mingjia; Liao Xian – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2025
Word recognition is a fundamental reading skill that relies on various linguistic and cognitive abilities. While executive functions (EF) have gained attention for their importance in developing literacy skills, their interaction with domain-specific skills in facilitating reading among different learner groups remains understudied. This study…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Word Recognition, Native Language, Second Language Learning
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Josué Rico-Picó; M. del Carmen Garcia-de-Soria Bazan; Ángela Conejero; Sebastián Moyano; Ángela Hoyo; María de los Ángeles Ballesteros-Duperón; Karla Holmboe; M. Rosario Rueda – Developmental Science, 2025
Executive control (EC) emerges in the first year of life, with the ability to inhibit prepotent responses (inhibitory control [IC]) and to flexibly readapt (cognitive flexibility [CF]) steadily improving. Simultaneously, electrophysiological brain activity undergoes profound reconfiguration, which has been linked to individual variability in EC.…
Descriptors: Infants, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Brain, Executive Function
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Bernardo Benites de Cerqueira; Andressa Aparecida Garces Gamarra Salem; Caroline de Oliveira Cardoso; Rochele Paz Fonseca; João Batista Mossmann; Débora Nice Ferrari Barbosa – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
Executive Functions are essential for good school performance as well as for the proper development of individuals' socio-affective, vocational, academic, and planning skills. Investigations with digital games aimed at stimulating inhibitory control of the executive functions in the school environment, especially with typically developing children…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 3, Grade 4, Pilot Projects
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Linlin Liang; Ni Zhang; Wen Liu; Linlin Lin; Xue Zhang – Child & Youth Care Forum, 2025
Background: Externalizing problem behaviors, such as childhood aggression, have a significant impact on adolescent delinquency and even adult delinquency and violence. Mother's attitudes and behaviors can impact the self-control and regulation of preschoolers, which in turn reflect in preschoolers' externalizing problems. Objective: This…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Child Behavior, Aggression, Preschool Children
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Eleni Peristeri; Xanthi Kamona; Spyridoula Varlokosta – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2024
Purpose: Relative clauses present a well-known processing asymmetry between object-extracted and subject-extracted dependencies across both typical and atypical populations. The present study aimed at exploring the comprehension of object and subject relative clauses as conceptualized by the Relativized Minimality framework in autistic children…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Executive Function, Control Groups, Comparative Analysis
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Juan Diego Vera; René Freichel; Giorgia Michelini; Sandra K. Loo; Agatha Lenartowicz – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2024
Objective: ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Impairments in executive functioning (EF) are central to models of ADHD, while alpha-band spectral power event-related decreases (ERD) have emerged as a putative electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of EF in ADHD.…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Executive Function, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Children
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Laurie C. Faith; Valerie Prowse – Teacher Development, 2024
Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a fundamental skill for school and life. Much is known about how to effectively teach and support it in a classroom, though teachers often retreat to more structured, external learning regulation. Experts have identified the important role of pedagogical knowledge and personal self-regulated learning in helping…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Teacher Burnout, Executive Function, Special Education Teachers
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Alyssa P. Lawson; Richard E. Mayer – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2024
Background: Immersive virtual reality (IVR) is a new technology that could motivate learners, but also could contain distracting elements that increase cognitive demands on learners. In contrast, learning with conventional media, such as a narrated slideshow could be less motivating, but also less distracting. Objectives: This experiment…
Descriptors: Computer Simulation, Individual Differences, Learning, Executive Function
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Taewon Kim; Hakjoo Kim; Benjamin A. Philip; David L. Wright – npj Science of Learning, 2024
The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for motor skill learning. We examined its role in interleaved practice, which enhances retention (vs. repetitive practice) through M1-dependent consolidation. We hypothesized that cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) to M1 would disrupt retention. We found that ctDCS reduced retention…
Descriptors: Perceptual Motor Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Processes, Retention (Psychology)
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Waite, Jane; Beck, Sarah R.; Powis, Laurie; Oliver, Chris – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2023
In this study, we focus on Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) to explore the associations between executive function deficits and repetitive behaviors. Thirty individuals with RTS completed direct assessments of inhibition, working memory and set-shifting. Informants completed repetitive behavior and executive function questionnaires. Repetitive…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Repetition, Behavior Problems, Genetic Disorders
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Siregar, Nani Restati – Journal of Education, 2023
Explicit instruction is a teaching strategy that aims to avoid cognitive overload experienced by students which aims to improve academic performance. Previous research has mentioned working memory as a cognitive capacity that processes information and cognitive control and supports the success of explicit teaching on student academic performance.…
Descriptors: Direct Instruction, Executive Function, Capacity Building, Cognitive Processes
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