This investigation of search patterns associated with the MEDLINE database had four primary objectives: (1) to refine the stochastic process method of evaluating user behavior; (2) to examine user search behavior exhibited when selecting documents sets; (3) to identify factors that affect the patterns of user behavior; and (4) to use data from the…

Recent theoretical and empirical work suggests that precipitating and individual susceptibility factors are involved in the development of depression. This etiological issue was reexamined within a college population. A comprehensive assessment technique, the behavioral-analytic methodology, was used to collect over 1,000 written descriptions of…

A philosophical discussion of the ethical issues involved in the interaction process between athletic coaches and sports officials concludes that, although there are several levels of "fair play" involved in any given contest, the greatest public support should be given to coaches of high integrity and moral character. (LH)

Power modes in marital interactions were investigated in a laboratory observation study at the University of New Hampshire in 1975. Married couples (N=78) were the subjects in this study, whose focus was on the power modes (types of power assertion) used by the partners, shifting attention from the much-considered distribution of power in marriage…

Work attitudes of voluntarily unemployed males were investigated. Young men from four different alternative life style groups--hippies, bikers, surfers, and criminals--whose lives did not include work, and matched workers were interviewed and briefly tested. Data concerning their activities and attitudes were examined, the 88 variables showing…

This report focuses on the evidence about the health consequences of smoking for women, and is intended to serve the public health and medical communities as a unified source of existing scientific research. The major issues about tobacco use and women's health are examined, including trends in consumption, biomedical evidence, and determinants of…

Since the 1950's psychological research has attempted to define adaptive behavior, i.e., competence. To develop a system for explaining effective behavior, an international team of researchers developed a conceptualization of competent behavior which included three components: coping behaviors, motivation, and attitudes. A set of internationally…

Apologies are admissions of blameworthiness for an undesirable event and allow actors to try to obtain a pardon from the audience. In an investigation of the uses and forms of apologies, 120 subjects participated in a role-play study where they imagined themselves to be central characters who bumped into a "victim." Apologies were used in a…

To see if mother-child conflict and mother firmness in conflict situations could be predicted from previous measures of the level of young children's attempt to influence their mothers, a study was conducted among 27 boys and 25 girls who were observed at 33 and 45 months of age. Information about the 33-month-old children's influence attempts…

Competence in action perception seems to be achieved very early in life. Because research has indicated that competent perceivers of action must be able to discriminate breakpoints in behavior, then recognition memory for breakpoints should be superior to that for nonbreakpoints at all ages where competence in action perception exists. Two studies…

This report analyzes trends in childbearing among Kentucky's adolescents from 1970 through 1977 and reviews childbearing patterns in Kentucky and in the United States for adolescents aged 10-14 and 15-19 to identify several factors associated with adolescent pregnancy. The fact that adolescent women are reaching biological maturity at an earlier…

A study was conducted to investigate the practical management of interactions sustaining close friendships. Ten pairs of close friends were interviewed individually on two occasions and together on a third occasion. An interpretive analysis of subjects' remarks identified a dialectical principle governing the communicative organization of…

The study involving 43 kindergarten students was designed to describe some of the behavioral and academic characteristics of transition students (students with potential learning difficulties), examine whether or not the program philosophies and goals influence the effectiveness of the program for individual students with different…

Research on self-disclosure has suggested that in dyadic social interactions, self-disclosure by one member of the dyad tends to be reciprocated by the other. Little is known, however, about the parameters of self-disclosure and reciprocity. Investigators have sought to relate self-disclosure to various personality constructs, such as…

A study was conducted on the interactional relationship between independent and dependent mildly retarded adolescents (N=24) and their mothers. Adolescent-mother pairs separately engaged in a videotaped problem solving task for 20 minutes. The 24 videotapes were then subjected to an interactional coding system comprised of five behavioral domains.…