Information from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) can be related to vocational interests, career selection, and job performance. Use of the MMPI in career counseling depends on the extent of counselor training and expertise and on counselor views of the role of career counseling in human development. (SK)

Twenty-six teachers from 10 special teaching units in Southeast England completed a questionnaire indicating that (1) they clearly distinguished between school refusers and truants and (2) teacher ratings of students' self-esteem, stability, attitudes, and other characteristics differed from self-reported ratings of school refusers and truants.…

Reviews biological bases of twinning and descriptions of 10 research designs. Summarizes findings from a selected sampling of twin studies of learning disabilities, personality and temperament, attitudes, psychopathology, and social behavior. Discusses findings with special reference to the activities of mental health practitioners and counselors.…

Questioned parents of 39 adolescents with spina bifida. Found that most adolescents were mainstreamed into regular classrooms. Three-fourths of parents rated their adolescent as happy and outgoing; less than 10 percent noted predominant angry or depressed mood. About 10 percent had problems with alcohol or drugs. Parents desired more assistance in…

The significant effort made to clarify and measure educational leadership essentials has spawned the assessment center concept. This article examines leadership, describes the development of assessment centers in general, and focuses on the National Association of Secondary School Principals' Principal Assessment Center Project to identify and…

Tests whether the effects of forewarning about a suspenseful film are dependent upon one's preferred way of coping with stressful events (assessed with the Miller Behavioral Style Scale). Discusses the individual difference variable in terms of behavioral dispositions located in the activation-arousal system. (SR)

Argues that responsiveness is not a unitary concept but rather is pluralistic in nature and includes both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. (PCB)

This study used the Personal Orientation Inventory to compare self-actualization of 52 elite blind athletes with sighted athletes. Self-actualization profiles of blind athletes were lower for measures of existentiality and self-acceptance but otherwise identical to those of sighted athletes. Both sighted and blind athletes scored below test-manual…

Individuals from homes in which competitiveness is valued, modeled, and rewarded tend to be more competitive than individuals from less competitive homes. Competitiveness of individuals and their home environments varied significantly according to the field of talent, with the psychomotor fields being the most competitive. (RH)

A structural model of the consequences of success attributions--derived from B. Weiner's attribution model--was tested using 208 first-term college students. Although the hypothesized model was rejected based on a chi-square, goodness-of-fit test, a specification search yielded a model that fit the data and was consistent with Weiner's theory.…

Among 36 newborns, Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) activity level, responsivity, and irritability exhibited stability from 2 weeks to 2 months and from 2 months to 12 months. Irritability was stable from 2 weeks to 12 months. IBQ ratings generally increased by year's end. (RH)

Creates framework through which everyday experiences of psychological time might be interpreted. Elaborates on Raynor's concept of time-linked sources of self-identity to include intergenerational-linked and timeless sources of self-identity in quest to feel good about oneself. Includes case examples of how eight elderly persons viewed their…

Administered an individual differences measure of motivational and orientations and a multidimensional measure of exploratory activity and beliefs to undergraduate students (N=154). Canonical analysis yielded one significant canonical root which indicated autonony and control orientations were positively related to self-exploration and beliefs in…

The comparison of listeners' evaluations of nonspeech characteristics of eight dysarthric (due to cerebral palsy) and eight normal speaking children (ages 6-11) found that dysarthric speech adversely affected listeners' perceptions of the dysarthric speakers' personality and physical appearance characteristics. (Author/DB)

Data on the relatively high prevalence of learning disabilities among populations of delinquents are presented, and three explanatory hypotheses are examined in the context of the research literature: the susceptibility hypothesis, the school failure hypothesis, and the differential treatment hypothesis. A multifactorial explanation is offered.…