Undergraduates were given either Barnum characterizations or straightforward instructions regarding open- or closed-mindedness. Barnum inductions influenced subsequent cognitive behavior: Subjects led to believe that they were open-minded were more balanced in the thoughts they produced on two campus issues than were subjects led to believe they…

Investigates effectiveness of communicative variables for predicting leadership emergence in long-term, nonlaboratory groups. Concludes that leadership prediction is possible based on group's ratings of selected communicative functions. Group sensitivity to communicative functions at initial session allows for potential group leader selection.…

Develops measures of individual differences in attribute centrality, investigates convergent validity, and explores differences in central and noncentral attribute functions within same person. University students in three countries completed questionnaires. Four relative centrality measures correlated with information required to make decisions…

Analysis of responses to Shure and Meeker Personality/Attitude Schedule showed sexes differed in elevation on six factors. Subsamples participated in coalition game. Four of six factors were related to prenegotiation stage indices of coalition formation. Sex differences in coalition behavior may be mediated by sex role socialization differences.…

In many personality and interest inventories, a score profile, rather than a single score, is attributed to each subject. Six applicable criteria are suggested for use in examining the adequacy of items in such inventories. These criteria relate to the items' response distributions, internal consistency, and discriminative value. (Author/BW)

An illustrative selection of measures appropriate for use in evaluation of cognitive-behavioral interventions designed to improve adjustment is reviewed in terms of specifying level and impact level assessments. The need to consider factors operative within the school situation is also discussed. (Author/GK)

Hypothesized that androgynous spouses would be more understanding of their mates. A study of 207 married couples showed that at the individual level, the androgynous demonstrated more understanding than the undifferentiated, but less understanding than sex-typed individuals. Sex-typed spouses were easiest to understand. (Author/JAC)

Performed a principal components factor analysis on scores of 245 undergraduates to a short version of the F Scale and measures of prejudice, attitude toward welfare, toleration of political deviance, punitiveness toward criminals, and support of the Vietnam War. Analysis produced two factors: authoritarian aggression and attitude toward welfare.…

Results of a Compatibility Index based on tested interest/personality types showed that women (N=18) consistently chose second husbands who were more psychologically similar to themselves than were their first husbands. This result appeared to be orderly, as opposed to random occurrences. Emphasizes the commonalities between career and marriage…

New data on retest reliabilities for three parental questionnaires, designed to measure children's temperaments at six months and at one and two years of age, were obtained with independent samples. The results showed a general level of retest reliability which was comparable to that of most temperament studies. (Author/RH)

Determined additional data on the reliability and validity of brief versions of the Depression Adjective Checklist by reanalyzing the data for Forms E, F, and G. Suggests the brevity and relatively high intercorrelation among the lists are assets when repeated measures are needed or many variables are measured. (Author/JAC)

Reports on a study finding that journalists preferred a right brain hemisphere or integrated style of information processing. Proposes the further application of right-left brain hemisphere research in the field of journalism. (RL)

Sought to validate the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) as a predictor of affective response to stress. Two groups of male Army trainees participated in a group-ranking procedure. Findings suggested that affective response was a function of the interaction between DMI personality variables and type of situational threat. (Author)

Assesses our limited knowledge of individual learning styles and their relationships to academic achievement. Poses questions for further research. (Author/WD)

Studies the relationship between clients' personality variables and rehabilitation counselors' perception of these variables. Four client groups were created along two dimensions of personality variables: emotional security need and sexual problems. A significant relationship was found between the client's group membership and his evaluation with…