This research examined the relationships among three variables--teacher personality, teacher pupil control attitudes, and teacher pupil control behavior--to determine whether teacher personality or pupil control attitudes were the better predictor of pupil control behavior. Subjects were 102 junior high school teachers. The major finding of the…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the alternative forms of young children's help-seeking in free play and problem-solving contexts. A total of 72 children aged 18 (N=36) and 24 (N=36) months were observed in pairs in free play and problem-solving settings, as well as in different social contexts--same-age versus mixed-age pairing. Both…

Research has indicated that alcohol consumption is strongly affected by situational factors, especially social factors. To explore the relevance to drinking of the need for social approval in social situations, 36 male college students were asked to predict how much they would drink in several situations varying in how certain they were of their…

Research indicates that the family roles of men are slowly changing, with a small minority of those sampled having primary childcare/household duties. To examine the background, life satisfaction, motives, and personality traits of such men, 16 married, male adults, whose wives were employed outside the home, and who had over 50% of the…

According to previous research, achieving women display nontraditional personality traits and are influenced by affiliative motives. To examine the needs exhibited by professional women who have made significant achievements, 23 career women (physicians, attorneys, veterinarians, business women, politicians, and artists) completed the Edwards…

Bereavement and depression are two clinical problems which are prevalent in elderly persons and which may coincide in older adults. This study was conducted to examine how depression interacts with bereavement status. Data were obtained from 393 adults over the age of 55 who participated at four times of measurement (within 1 month of their…

This examination of the nature of leadership identifies communication as one of the most important elements of leadership, and discusses the 16 basic and 32 mixed types of personalities with whom leaders interact. The communication styles of individuals with each of these temperament styles are also discussed. The importance of effective listening…

Considerable evidence has been found to support the hypothesis that actors' and observers' attributions diverge. It is also becoming clear that this divergence is not the result of a single process, but is the result of factors which co-occur and differentiate actors from observers. Observers' beliefs about their similarity to actors were…

Screening and evaluating law enforcement candidates for employment as police officers is a complex task. It has been recommended that a clinical interview and comprehensive battery of psychological tests may aid in evaluation. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is often used for this type of psychological screening. Peer…

This paper outlines a methodology for assessing change in the parent-child relationship between infancy and toddlerhood. Specifically, the paper focuses on the utilization of the same or comparable tasks to observe and rate parent-child interactions at infancy and toddlerhood, and points out the scoring modifications that proved helpful in…

Although currently expressed in terms of linear and intuitive halves of the brain, the concept of androgyny (the integration of male and female characteristics within each person) is central to ancient myths and religions. Most accounts concern an initial separation of the sexes and subsequent efforts to unite male and female forces. For example,…

Interviews with 22 executives and 18 experts on executives have resulted in some insight into the tendency of executives to avoid coming to terms with their limitations and the corresponding tendency for the executive's organization to avoid attempts to help. An analysis of responses indicated that certain elements (power, success, expertise,…

The development of the Privacy Preference Scale is described. Six subscales were constructed from a principal axis factor analysis. The ability of the subscales to differentiate between age and sex groups, and their relationship to personality measures and to self-reported privacy oriented behavior are presented. (Author/RC)

Results revealed that empathic understanding and respect are significantly related to two similar personality variables: tolerance of ambiguity and need for order. Ratings from Carkhuff's Index of Communication were significantly related to empathic understanding. Suggestions are made for further research and the improvement of existing selection…