White male adults living in rural Tennessee were administered the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test to classify their degree of alcohol abuses. Results indicated alcoholics experienced more powerlessness, attributed slightly less control to external environmental forces, and had lower sense of self-esteem than nonalcoholics. In addition,…

Results suggest that various aspects of Strange Situation behavior are related to both maternal and infant temperament, and that maternal temperament is a predictor of attachment security, particularly for Type A mother-avoidant infants. (Author/RH)

Three groups of subjects (Type A, intermediate, and Type B) were presented an identical problem-solving task labeled as work-related or as leisure-oriented and then given free choice of other activities. The subjects' task preference in the free-choice time was examined as a function of Type A personality and task labels. (MT)

Defines bulimia and lists associated features of bulimia, physical side effects, and cognitive disturbances related to binging and purging. Asserts that bulimics resist treatment; but that such methods as cognitive, group, family, behavior, and drug therapy, and hospitalization appear promising. (Author/ABB)

Investigated the factor structure of the Bem Sex Role Inventory when used with adolescents. Empirical comparison of actual with expected results supported the measure's validity. (Author)

Diagnostic hit rates for the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms were compared to diagnosis by psychiatrists of the same patients. The Probability Scale employing Bayesian concepts and base rates correctly classified 70% of the patients and was more accurate by far than the other two methods used. (Author/ABB)

Results indicated psychopathic deviance, mania, and physical self-esteem separated bulimics from nonbulimics and accounted for 78 percent of the explained variance. In addition, bulimics engaged in sexual activities and in the adolescent acting-out behaviors of drug and alcohol use more frequently, and at an earlier age, than did the two…

Results indicated men in poor metabolic control obtained lower scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Information and Vocabulary subtests than did a demographically matched group in good metabolic control. Men in poor control evidenced disrupted attention on a simple reaction time measure. Results suggest that poor metabolic…

Describes how dialectic metatherapy may be used to integrate various dimensions of human development as they pertain to symptom formation and therapy. A dialectical conceptualization of therapy allows one to systematically organize individually and systematically oriented ideas. Points out the paradoxical nature of therapy and how to use this…

It has been suggested that outdoor recreation involving wilderness use can contribute to the development of self-actualization in an individual. Users and nonusers of wilderness were surveyed to observe which were more self-actualized. Results are discussed. (Author/DF)

Relationship between maternal ratings of temperament and operant learning was examined in 18 2- to 3-month-old infants. Subjects participated in a conjugate reinforcement experiment; mothers of subjects completed the Carey and McDevitt Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire 2 to 3 days before the learning study. Two temperament dimensions,…

Examines the hypothesis that degree of match or congruence between behavioral characteristics of infants and their families may significantly influence the nature of their interactions and the success of their mutual adaptation. Conducted a cross-sectional study on infant-family congruence on the degree of rhythmicity (predictable regularity in…

In the studies, subjects from different age groups (5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 18-22 years) observed vignettes designed to reveal an actor's abilities or personality traits, and were told about one instance of an actor's behavior, respectively. The subjects were then asked to predict the actor's behavior in related situations. Results focused differences in…

Describes strategies for working with students characterized by each of Holland's personality types. Analyzes the general approach, length and number of sessions, generation of self-knowledge, obtaining occupational information, decision making methods, planning for the future, and follow-up procedures. (JAC)

Examined the relationship between individual temperament and initial adjustment to residential college living. Students (N=70) completed a packet of several questionnaires. Results showed that the temperament dimensions of adaptablity and attention were significantly correlated with affective adjustment measures. (BH)