The study examined emotional-motivational personality characteristics of 15 learning disabled, 15 normal achieving, and 15 high achieving students (grades 3-5). The study tested the hypothesis derived from the A-R-D (attitude-reinforcer-discriminative) theory of motivation that learning disabled (LD) children differ from normal and high achieving…

Eight pamphlets provide information to parents about the developmental characteristics of toddlers at different ages and related caregiving concerns. Two issues of the series focus on children 13- to 15-months-old, two on 16- to 18-months-old, two on 19- to 21-months-old, and two on 22- to 24-months-old. The first issue in each pair focuses on…

In a longitudinal study of 29 middle-class Japanese infants, an attempt was made to identify early temperamental dispositions that predict later attachment classification. Specifically, Ainsworth Strange Situation observations at 12 months of age were preceded by, among others, observation of distress evident in newborns when a nipple was removed;…

This paper examines the historical development of the interaction model of personality in the 20th century. The philosophical roots of interactionism can be traced to the writings of Aristotle and Descartes. One of the earliest interactionist positions in psychology can be found in the works of Kantor (1924, 1926). Although theoretical interest in…

Gangestad and Snyder (1985) have proposed two types of personality variables: continuous variables (characteristics possessed to some degree by all individuals) and class variables (characteristics distributed into discrete classes). This study examined whether alcoholism could be classified as a class variable. Because a class variable will…

Holland's (1973) theory classifies occupations in terms of similarity to six ideal types (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional) by assigning each occupation a three-letter code. Holland codes were recently developed for all occupations in the "Dictionary of Occupational Titles." The code for some…

Depression and low self-esteem are commonly considered to be at the root of suicidal ideation. Previous research has examined the correlations between a lack of purpose in life and depression, low self-esteem, substance abuse and suicidal thoughts. This study investigated personality differences among student groups who have attempted suicide.…

Personality/behavioral characteristics of empirically derived subgroups of learning disabled (LD) children (8-11 years old) were examined. A modified Halstead-Reitan battery was administered to 56 LD Ss. Their parents completed personality/behavioral measures. Ss' scores on 13 neuropsychological measures were cluster analyzed, and three subgroups…

Scales assessing absorption, or a predisposition to become highly involved in sensory and imaginative experiences in non-hypnotic contexts, have predicted hypnotic responsivity as well. To examine the effects of expectancy on hypnotic responding by measuring expectancies at different points in the hypnotic experience, and to test for possible…

Recent discussions of achievement motivation hade introduced the notion of achievement orientations. Achievement orientations are constructs which reflect differences in defining success, standards of performance, and preferences for types of achievement tasks. This study investigated the perceived prevalence and evidence-to-inference links of…

Previous research has shown that Type As appraise their jobs as more demanding than do Type Bs, yet few studies have measured actual job demands. This prospective, observational study of police radio dispatchers (N=72) examined Type A behavior as a predictor of source of work demands, volume of work activity, whether work begun was finished, and…

In its development and in its central character, the value base of social work has a relationship to feminine values. Women possess strong nurturing impulses, a great capacity for intimacy, an ability to empathize, and a tendency to integrate in their thinking and their actions. Women are considered to exercise a predilection for egalitarian…

A sensitive technique for assessing conformity on a ratio scale was designed and tested in one group of 18 naive subjects and one group of 20 volunteer subjects, 10 of whom were naive and 10 of whom were informed. All subjects were undergraduates from Thomas More College (New York). The experiment required subjects to observe a line briefly…

The parents of 12 autistic and 12 neurologically impaired/mentally retarded children (4-6 years old) completed the Carey-McDevitt Behavioral Style Questionnaire designed to assess temperament in young children. While numerous significant differences between autistic and normal children were found, autistic and developmentally disabled children…

Recent research on women's lives has emphasized the complex interactions between situational constraints in the family and the workplace. To examine the relationship of situational variables and personality characteristics to career-related self-efficacy expectations and life satisfaction in women, 94 college women completed a questionnaire…