Compared scale interrelationships derived through factor analysis in normal adults with clinical samples in a study of 35 male participants in a fitness program. Results suggested the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory may be useful in evaluating relationships between exercise and personality change in normal and clinical populations.…

Examined the relationship between measures of field dependence and measures of personality. Found that, while these correlations tend to be low and inconsistent, the correlations between measures of field dependence and standard measures of ability are substantial and consistent. (Author/JAC)

Developed sorting rules to identify Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory configurations and applied these to patients with chronic low back pain, migraine headaches, hypertension, and diabetes (N=157). Results showed that profile types did not differ in frequency among the groups but were more elevated in the back pain patients. (LLL)

Questioned cognitive theories of depression in their assertion that depressives' cognitions are distorted and suggested that normals are even less in touch with reality than depressed people. Speculated that childhood trauma predisposes depression by preventing the normal formation of a defense screen against painful realities. (LLL)

A discrepancy exists between research formulations of personality characteristics potentially useful in evaluating people with mental retardation and actual practice in psychological assessment. Clinicians are encouraged to enhance traditional psychometric procedures with instrumentation deriving from personality formulations to promote better…

Examined the personality factors and perceived benefits associated with different strategies of medical students regarding self-directed learning projects. Indicated that certain personality attributes are predictive of the type of strategy. (JOW)

Argues that Erikson's concept of identity was originally proposed as something constructed to a significant degree by the individual, i.e., an Instrumental Identity. With the decline in instrumentality in a consumer/service-oriented society, Erikson's original concept fits less well. A new conceptualization of identity, that of Existential…

Describes focusing as a process of therapeutic change where one silently tries to discriminate the bodily felt sense of a situation or a problem. Presents examples of the focusing process in the therapeutic context of a group and explores implications of its use. (LLL)

Overexcitability profiles of 49 adolescents were compared with those of gifted and nongifted adults. Results suggested that both gifted adolescents and adults as a group are characterized by two nonintellective factors: imaginational and emotional overexcitabilities and intellectual overexcitability. (CL)

This study was designed to measure both aggressive behavior and emotional arousal following the showing of a violent episode described as either a real fight or an acted one. (Author/RK)

This study examined differences in personality type for college freshmen and the effects of participation in undergraduate research on critical thinking and reflective judgment scores. Participants were 266 undergraduate students. While correlations between personality and the thinking measures were low and of little practical significance, a…

Examination of the relationship between Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, racial identification, acculturation, culture, language and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) has revealed controversial results. Because the MMPI/MMPI-2 is the most widely used personality assessment, it is important to understand how ethnic and…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of completion instructions on item parameters and category use as students completed a self-report personality survey. Instructions allowed free-choice allotment of ratings (nonforced distribution) or requested the subject to assign a certain number of ratings to either the highest or lowest…

Contrary to the initial hypotheses of this study, the best students were the ones with personality profiles most different from those of faculty, and, as the year progressed, students' dispositions became more distinct from the faculty. (Editors/JA)

This study explores the relationship between empathy (measured by Hogan's empathy scale) and psychological differentiation (measured by the Embedded Figures Test). When 32 male undergraduate volunteers completed both tests, it was found that highly empathetic S's tended to be field independent. Both emphathetic and field independent persons are…