According to a model of leadership based on aesthetics, leaders display aesthetic properties enabling them to (1) direct and (2) engage their followers, (3) reflect the values of their times, and (4) exhibit uniqueness and originality. These properties are developed through the leaders' artistry in dramatizing, designing, and orchestrating events.…

Inpatients (n=67) treated for alcohol and drug abuse were administered the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and Luescher Color Test (LCT). Patients showed more preference for brown than did normal adults and also obtained higher (i.e., presumably more pathological) scores on Luescher's total score scale and compensation scale.…

Investigated relation of personality to use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and cocaine in adolescents observed at 12 and 15, 15 and 18, and 18 and 21. Findings suggest that two or more safe attributes are as effective in preventing heavy use as are two or more risky attributes in promoting heavy use. (Author/BL)

An exercise that can be used in a college-level psychology course to convey to students the key difference between the self and personality is described. (RM)

Temporal stability of play behavior and its consistency among toys differing in complexity was assessed by observing 40 eight-month-old infants. The relationship of stability of play to temperament was examined. Findings support the idea that behavioral consistency in infancy is similar to that reported for older children. (RH)

Examined the issue of acquiescence by administering a balanced dogmatism scale and a balanced alienation scale to a random sample of Australians (N=118). Results showed that dogmatism and alienation did not correlate when acquiescence was controlled. (LLL)

Thirty-five learning disabled third- and sixth-graders were compared with matched peers using teacher ratings of temperament, problem behavior, and observed classroom behavior. Group differences were significant on the first temperament factor, task orientation, and teacher ratings of several problem behaviors, with each difference favoring the…

This study was designed to test the relationship between spouse personality congruence based on Holland's typology and marital satisfaction. Satisfaction was tested at three levels including a sample of distressed couples seeking marital counseling. Congruence level was found to be a highly reliable predictor of marital satisfaction. (Author)

Administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to 91 male alcoholics after detoxification. Results indicated that the Psychopathic Deviant and Paranoia scales declined with age, while the Responsibility scale increased with age. (JAC)

Concludes that large newspapers give more coverage to robust Presidents. (FL)

Tested 60 alcoholic outpatients matched with 60 normals on the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the IPAT-Anxiety Scale Questionniare. The alcoholic outpatients were beyond borderline in anxiety, lack of integrated development of self-sentiment, ego weakness, paranoid insecurity, guilt proneness and frustration tension. Neuroticism and anxiety…

Assessed the personality differences between pregnant unwed young women who had a varying number of pregnancies and sexually active females. A discriminant function analysis was employed to predict group membership on the basis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales, which were used as predictor variables. (Author/BL)

Argues that acute, chronic pain, whether arising from environmental or psychological contexts, is a necessary condition of addiction; conditioning and neurochemical changes are assigned a catalyzing role. Inadequate self-esteem is thought to be a common source of imperceptible pain, and therefore a cause of addiction. (Author/ABL)

Bulimia is an eating disorder often referred to as the binge-purge syndrome. The bulimic usually functions well at work and often holds a top-level position. Reasons for bulimia include feelings of inadequacy, societal pressures to be thin, and high parental expectations. Low self-esteem is a common characteristic of the bulimic. (RM)

Administered a battery of personality inventories to violent (N=30) and nonviolent (N=30) youthful offenders, factor analyzed the results and compared the group on factor scores. Results indicated the emergence of two factors: Hostility/Neuroticism and Psychoticism versus Extraversion and showed no significant difference between the two groups on…