Defining social cognition as our attempts to make sense of how people think, perceive, infer, feel, and react, this book examines both the classical issues and contemporary understanding of theory and research in social cognitive development. The initial chapters highlight one of the central, theoretical tensions in the field, which is whether the…

The 16 PF was administered to 105 females and 113 males who entered the work force after leaving high school and 177 females and 178 males who entered college immediately after graduation. Three kinds of results were observed; (a) a set of selective traits that differentiated the college and work groups initially; (b) changes in certain…

Two dental classes were tested for personality change in the freshman year and after graduation. Significant test/retest increases were found on orderliness and conformity scales and decreases on the activity/energy scale. Sex differences occurred on activity/energy, emotional stability, and masculinity/femininity scales. In one class, females…

Proposed the degree of social discomfort to be indicative of an individual's perceived locus of control and level of self-esteem. Students completed questionnaires for Social Avoidance and Distress (SAD). Found high SAD subjects had significantly greater external locus of control and lower self-esteem than moderate or low SAD subjects. (Author)

Introduces Heinz Kohut's psychology of the self and its counseling implications and reports on the development of 10 eight-point rating scales of counseling outcome that are derived for his theory. Reports data on interrater reliability and agreement for the 10 scales. (Author)

A study examines environmental and personality factors as predictors of academic achievement among kibbutz and urban high school students. Results of a comparison of personality factors indicate that kibbutz students are more restrained, reserved, adaptable, and conforming. The higher scores of city students on intelligence tests may stem from a…

Studied was the adjustment of Israeli high school students in relation to the Repression-Sensitization personality dimension, which concerns the individual's characteristic response to threatening stimuli. Repressors avoid such stimuli; sensitizers approach them. Adjustment was measured by peer acceptance and teacher evaluation scores, both of…

Specific sub-tests of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Merrill-Palmer Scales have been observed to evoke behavioral expression of phase-specific conflicts. Clinical observations of a disadvantaged inner-city population suggest that what is being tested is the preschool child's experience with adults in the…

Comparability of the embedded and stand-alone versions of the Keane Postraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (T. Keane and others, 1984) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) was supported in a study with 123 Vietnam veterans, 68 of whom were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (SLD)

Analysis of first-year roommate pairs found that versions of the Roommate Compatibility Questionnaire better predicted roommate conflict than did the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Discrepancies between perception of a roommate and descriptions of an ideal roommate predicted the most variance on a measure of roommate conflict. Discusses…