The stages of interlanguage, the speech of beginning second language learners as they progress toward second language fluency, are described. Examples are drawn from the speech of Spanish speaking students of English as a second language. The continuum of interlanguage development from native language forms to target language forms includes three…

The effect of culture on the business management process in a Hispanic setting is explored for the benefit of persons in business in Latin America or with Hispanic groups in the United States. Understanding of cultural differences is important for business managers who work with Spanish speaking employees or clients because of the wide-ranging and…

This paper considers the relationship between bilingualism and intelligence in Puerto Rican children from a population perspective. A population perspective refers to the idea that many of the variables considered by psychologists to be independent are, in fact, distributed non-randomly in the population, and that this distribution needs to be…

This investigation arose from concern about the linguistic and educational development of several dozen students aged 12-14 from the English comprehensive secondary schools in Gibraltar. These students, whose dominant language was Yanito-Spanish (the local vernacular), were administered a series of assessment measures. These included: (1) a word…

Although the study of self-selected ethnic labels may aid scientists in their understanding of an ethnic group, the uncoordinated use of ethnic labels applied by social scientists and others can result in confusion and misinformation. A literature review yields a plethora of terms used to refer to Mexican Americans. Terms currently popular are…

This paper analyzes fictive motion expressions in English and Spanish with the twofold aim of (a) finding out whether the differences that have been reported in the expression of motion in English and Spanish also apply to fictive motion, and (b) checking whether the similarities and differences reported by Matsumoto for English and Japanese also…

It's a happy village populated by folks who speak both Spanish and English, and boys and girls can now visit it via public television. (Editor)

Revised Version of a paper presented at the 1973 TESOL Convention in San Juan, Puerto Rico. (HW)

The illustrated book tells the story of a woodcutter, his son, and their donkey. Written in Spanish, the story tells how one day after cutting and selling the wood, the woodcutter, who was very tired, decided to ride the donkey back home. On the way, they met some young girls who thought the woodcutter was very mean for making his son walk while…

This document examines the development and influence of the Free Institute of Education (Institucion Libre de Ensenanza) and of its founder, Don Francisco Giner de los Rios, in late nineteenth century Spain. Founded in 1876 against a background of repression and reimposition of state-controlled education during the Bourbon Restoration the…

The Mat-Sea-Cal Oral Proficiency Tests are a series of comparable grammatical structure tests. They have been developed in six languages: English, Spanish, Cantonese, Mandarin, Ilokano and Tagalog. Their purpose is to identify linguistic skills and deficiencies of primary school children grades K through 4. This research reported on the…

This report is an evaluation of a New York City school district educational project designed to offer bilingual instructional and supportive services to ninth, tenth, and eleventh grade high school students under funding from Title Vll of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Its main objectives were to increase (1) the basic English…

This publication discusses the development and use of an Educational Needs Projection (ENP) model designed to estimate the number of students "who have difficulty with instruction in English" in the Houston Independent School District. Unlike a state-mandated program that requires teachers and counselors to identify Limited…

Linguists should not only observe but actively try to control the internationalization of languages. Borrowings may be harmful to the smooth functioning of a language and contribute to the loss of its distinctive character. (Text is in Spanish.) (TL)

The distinction between the clitics "le" and "lo" is different for Peninsular Spanish than for Latin American Spanish but is in both cases systematic. The division in Castilian Spanish is along the line of animate-inanimate. The Latin American division is between accusative and dative case. (TL)