Results of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire completed by 161 physicians indicated that role consciousness, abstractedness, and tough mindedness differentiated medical specialties (surgeons, anesthesiologists, family practitioners). Results correlated with the use of differences between person orientation and technique orientation to…

Examines conflicts resulting from the splintering of psychology as a discipline. Discusses conflict resolution (empiricism versus intuition, analysis versus holism, psychological versus biological causality, and splintering of the discipline). Describes functional behaviorism, suggesting that psychology must be behavioristic to be a science.…

The role of ethical principles, character traits, and professional values in ethical decision-making is examined and depicted through an integrated and comprehensive model. A case study provides an illustration of improved decision-making when using the model.

The aim of this study was to test the validity of Creemers' model of educational effectiveness in relation to different criteria of measuring effectiveness. It was also examined whether the variables "personality" and "thinking style" could be included in Creemers' model. Achievement in mathematics, Greek language, and affective aims of schooling…

Many people are exposed to loss or potentially traumatic events at some point in their lives, and yet they continue to have positive emotional experiences and show only minor and transient disruptions in their ability to function. Unfortunately, because much of psychology's knowledge about how adults cope with loss or trauma has come from…

This article presents a theoretical framework for analyzing psychological systems that contribute to the variability, consistency, and cross-situational coherence of personality functioning. In the proposed knowledge-and-appraisal personality architecture (KAPA), personality structures and processes are delineated by combining 2 principles:…

In order to create an environment that encourages resiliency, care givers must first understand some of the specific attributes that make up the resilient child. While not intended as an exhaustive list, one could say that a resilient child will have an accurate self-awareness, possess effective problem-solving skills, be able to communicate well,…

This paper offers a philosophical inquiry into conceptions of resilience--identifying it first as a set of individual traits or characteristics and, secondly, as a process existing within relationships. Both approaches unwittingly may reinforce existing inequities and marginalization as they are used to prepare students for the world.…

In the process of their professional training, future schoolteachers see their future activity as one that is extremely difficult and noble, a labor that is of permanent value, creative, in keeping with the aims of the development of the child, fosters the teacher's self-development, and so on. In this article, the author explores a number of…

A comprehensive evolutionary framework for understanding the maintenance of heritable behavioral variation in humans is yet to be developed. Some evolutionary psychologists have argued that heritable variation will not be found in important, fitness-relevant characteristics because of the winnowing effect of natural selection. This article…

Troubled children need models of hope to transcend adversity. This article provides sketches of individuals who have overcome turbulent backgrounds to make notable contributions to humanity.

Russian youth has in recent years been increasingly involved in crime, narcotics addiction, and alcoholism, possibly due to a failure of socialization in childhood. Researchers are seeking the origins of this phenomenon and searching for ways to combat it through rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. The essential nature of social and pedagogical…

Research Findings: Family conflict is known to be associated with poor development for young children, but many children appear resilient. This study examined the extent to which high-quality center care during early childhood protects children from these negative consequences. Children participating in center-based sites of the Early Head Start…

Students (n = 328) from US and UK universities completed four self-report measures related to intellectual competence: typical intellectual engagement (TIE), openness to experience, self-assessed intelligence (SAI), and learning approaches. Confirmatory data reduction was used to examine the structure of TIE and supported five major factors:…

In this chapter, the author offers a historical overview of constructions of risk in the context of schooling for nondominant groups and how communities have organized schooling in ways that support resiliency in the face of these risks. She discusses an expansive orientation to understanding how people learn to respond to risks that is rooted in…