Children need to acquire the qualities of determination, carefulness, concentration, self-restraint, patience, conscientiousness, and endurance. These aspects of personal capability are important to the moral life in schools and thus should be part of their ethos. They must be modeled by teachers as ways to overcome and avoid difficulties. (VM)

Explored variation in "hardiness" among female elementary teachers (n=134) who had differing levels of burnout despite high levels of occupational stress. Found that teachers with high stress and low burnout were less alienated than were teachers with high stress and high burnout. Low burnout teachers chose more active types of coping…

This study examined the relationship of chief executive psychological need for achievement with organizational structure. Models relating formalization, centralization, and integration with hypothesized determinants were investigated using LISREL and multiple regression analyses. Executive need for achievement and size related strongest to most…

College students rated characteristics of men and women depicted in verbal descriptions accompanied by photographs in which they either smiled or did not smile. Controls rated targets without accompanying photographs. When not smiling, women were perceived as less happy, carefree, and relaxed than were men, suggesting the application of different…

Examined anger, hostility, and depression across domestically violent men, generally assaultive men, and nonviolent control group. Domestically violent and generally assaultive men evidenced significantly higher levels of anger and hostility than did control subjects, but domestically violent men tended to be significantly depressed. Supports…

Adaptive Counseling and Therapy (ACT) is an integrative, metatheoretical model for selecting an appropriate therapeutic style based on the task-relevant development maturity of the client. The Counselor Behavior Analysis (CBA) Scale measures the central explanatory construct of ACT theory: counselor adaptability. Three studies designed to assess…

This study investigated those few lackluster achievers as could be identified, using loose criteria, in a college-level program of academic acceleration. Underachieving males appeared less psychologically mature and appeared to suffer more internal conflict than achieving males, but underachieving females evidenced greater maturity than their…

This overview of the field of personality theory evaluates the important features of Raymond Cattell's work. While there are many areas of agreement between Cattell and other personality theorists, his rejection of traditional clinical methods for measurement and experimentation has created controversy as well as an extraordinarily rich…

Egalitarian attitudes and the personality traits of instrumentality (masculinity) and expressiveness (feminity) were examined for male and female dental students. A comparison of dental students with academic psychologists suggests that successful professionals have similar personality traits. (Author/MLW)

Investigated effects of ascendancy and perceived locus of control on reactions to participative and manipulative leadership among college males, using Guilford-Zimmerman ascendancy scores and Rotter Internal-External scale scores. Results indicated that the two personality measures were associated with different reactions to the two styles of…

College students (n=491) were sampled to determine the extent to which attitudes toward mathematics can be viewed as reflections of other personality characteristics, as opposed to manifestations of a single underlying attitude toward mathematics. (Author/PN)

Inhibitory self-control is proposed as a temperamental dimension. Soviet Theory suggests that internal inhibition provides the basis for verbally regulated inhibition and is determined by temperament. Investigators of this relationship found a significant correlation between performance on a measure of internal inhibition and the measures of…

Challenges previous studies concluding that masculinity and femininity fluctuate as a function of the individual's family life stage. Findings from 582 Australian survey respondents showed that involvement in work and study has a greater impact on masculinity and femininity scores than does the presence of children. (Author/CB)

The purpose of this study was to explore differences in personality traits between children in open and in traditional classrooms, considering any differences in relation to sex. Results indicated that, generally, children of both sexes seem more capable of coping with their environment in the open classroom program, with differences being more…

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was administered to the total male and female population of a large state-supported college of pharmacy to assess the personality types of pharmacy students. Some implications of the findings for admission committees are suggested. (Author/LBH)