Common items, items which appear on several scales on psychological tests, are investigated in this study. It is concluded that the common item problem is not a serious one in personality measurement. (Author/JKS)

Most personality tests are based on concepts assessing typical performance, and tests of this sort have not been generally successful in predicting criterion behaviors with useful levels of efficiency. Ability tests, which call for maximal performance, have been much more successful as predictors of criterion outcomes. (Editor)

The overlap between personality and neurocognitive measures was examined in a sample of 182 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, half of whom were substance abusers. Both cognitive tests and observer-rated measures sensitive to impulsivity were specifically related to abuse of multiple substances, and aspects of inattention and depression were…

Results of a personality assessment questionnaire revealed three basic personality characteristics which are predictive of student achievement in telecourses: (1) high performers were the most self-sufficient; (2) the least compulsive students earned the highest grades in their courses; and (3) telecourse students who performed at the highest…

This article examines some of the intricacies of personality types and their effect on career choices. Proposes that knowing students' Myers-Briggs personality types can help school counselors guide them down the right career path. (GCP)

Studies the effect of musical preferences on undergraduate students' estimation of numerous behavioral traits and the desirability of a potential heterosexual date. Finds that such disclosure influences attraction, as well as the perception and evaluation of pertinent traits, the effects being a function of genre-specific stereotypes and…

Examined whether, for higher-level management and professional personnel, personality measures would predict performance as least as well as cognitive measures and that best prediction of performance would be obtained from combination of cognitive and personality measures. Results support hypothesis that best prediction is obtained from…

Concepts of self-confirmation, interpersonal diagnosis, and prototype construction are used to integrate research and clinical findings concerning depression. Various theoretical accounts and bodies of data that fit within this integrative conceptual framework are examined, and implications for psychotherapy are discussed. (SLD)

Examines the relationship between resident characteristics and time participating in activities. For the 2,672 nursing home residents studied, measures of resource use, cognitive abilities, depression, sense of initiative/involvement, activity repertoire, location preferences, and gender were all found to be significant in explaining the amount of…

Methodological considerations in conducting research on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the most widely used clinical personality instrument, are reviewed, with reference to the original MMPI and the version for adolescents (MMPI-A). Potential pitfalls in personality testing and personality assessment research are…

Assessed U.S., English, Israeli, and Japanese teachers' views of the ideal temperaments of children. Teachers in the U.S. and England had the most similar views, whereas those in Israel were most divergent. Differences and similarities of teacher's views are discussed in terms of eight dimensions of temperament. (BB)

A typology of physically abusive parents was developed based upon personality characteristics measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Cluster analysis revealed five distinct patterns, with differences among clusters in age, education, number of children, number of parents involved in abuse, and other variables. Possible treatment…

Presents findings of a comparison of the personality profiles of music educators with indicators of teaching success. Reports that application of the Missouri Pre-Professional Teacher Interview (MPTI) showed that music teachers scored relatively well on "stimulator,""developer," and "command" themes but less well on…

Examined possible relationships between reported work-related stress and organizational and personal variables, hardiness of personality, exercise activity, and organizational culture of 240 student affairs administrators within Minnesota. Results revealed that job satisfaction and hardiness of personality were greatest predictors of lowered…

Explored differences between caregiving daughters' (n=150) perceptions of their own and their mothers' personalities. Daughters generally rated their mothers more negatively than themselves. Functional impairment was not related to assessment of mothers' personalities, whereas psychological and cognitive impairments were. (ABL)