Presents an overview of the evolving conception of the nature of individual personality, showing how self-images emerge out of style-and-value commitments. Considers interactive relations between individual and society and the possible images of humankind that stem from societal style and value commitments. (JN)

Reviewed clinical usefulness of obvious and subtle Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory subscales in the detection of malingering. Comparison of obvious-subtle differences indicative of malingering (Greene's criteria) and observed differences on random-response protocols were found to be indistinguishable. (Author/JAC)

Subjects classified into one of six Holland personality types on the basis of the Vocational Preference Inventory high-point codes differed significantly with respect to absolute and relative number of responses on certain Hand Test scoring variables. These results provide evidence for the construct validity of the postulated vocational types.…

Identified and synthesized sociological conceptions of personality using propositions derived from definitional and theoretical themes in the literature. Tested propositions in content analyses of textbook references to personality. Analyses suggested that the trait-bound conception of personality has diffused from classical personology to…

Compared personality characteristics of couples in alcoholic and nonalcoholic marriages. Couples in which one spouse was alcoholic showed fewer personality interrelationships than nonalcoholic couples, raising questions about the hypothesis that alcoholic marriage partners complement each other. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic males differed…

The personality characteristics of three professional groups, each rated for level of creativity, were investigated using the California Psychological Inventory. Samples of male architects, mathematicians, and research scientists were compared and then combined to allow an over-all pattern of personality characteristics associated with creative…

Examined the usefulness of subtle personality scales in which test respondents are provided with knowledge and motivation to distort self-presentation. Results indicated that subtle scales were not superior when faking occurred. Scores under these faking conditions were less valid, failing to support the utility of disguised approaches. (Author)

Content analyzed four personality inventories, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, California Personality Inventory, and Edwards Personality Preference Schedule to determine whether each item in the four inventories contained situational, temporal, or comparative information. Wide differences appeared…

Delineated personality types by applying a Q-type factor analytic strategy to the California Psychological Inventory protocols. Modal profiles were isolated. Antisocial, neurotic, and well-adjusted types classified 57 percent of the subjects. Described differences in distribution of types as functions of race and sex. Outlined use of types in…

Investigated helping as a function of empathic anxiety (anxiety in response to modeled distress) and individual differences in sociopathic tendencies. Results indicated modeled distress produces increases in anxiety which are positively associated with helping and sociopathic individuals are less likely to help than are nonsociopathic individuals.…

Determined if multidimensionality of Endler-Okada inventory would be reflected in differential personality profiles. Results suggest existence of separate personality profiles for each facet of A-Trait. These profiles are logically congruent with type of situation described. Data form patterns consistent with claim for multidimensionality of the…

Relations between personality and happiness were examined in three studies. It was argued that (a) different sets of traits influence type of affect and of satisfaction; (b) extraversion and neuroticism influence type of affect and of satisfaction; and (c) personality differences antedate and predict differences in happiness over a 10-year period.…

An evaluation of the degree of overlapping variance between self-estimated and actual personality factor scores found only minimal overlap between estimates and inventory. Counselors are cautioned not to use personality estimates as substitutes for actual inventory scores. (Author)

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) largely measure socially desirable instrumental (masculine) and expressive (feminine) traits which have limited relationships with sex role attitudes and behaviors. The literature does suggest that the traits have important implications separate from sex role behaviors.…