Researchers are investigating how emotions affect the ways in which children think and interact with others. The Minnesota Preschool Project used observation measures for general types of positive, negative, and inappropriate emotional expression. "Social competence" was found to be highly correlated with the number of positive expressions minus…

The stress and illness paradigm is expanded by empirically testing social interest as a personality variable influencing somatic health. Examines stress using an instrument that measures daily hassles. Compares the usefulness of this measure to the life experiences methodology. Findings related to these variables are not consistent with previous…

Considers the acquisition of native language and foreign language as complementary aspects of one basic cognitive-affective schema, interacting and conflicting with each other in a variety of ways. In addition, an illumination of the psychological processes impinging on one can shed light, in a reciprocal way, on the other. (SL)

Discusses relevant considerations in counseling the unemployed, such as job search skills, assertiveness training, and relaxation training. Reviews studies on the social and psychological impact of unemployment. Discusses ways to help employed and unemployed career-plateaued workers regain a sense of personal investment, motivation, and…

Compared eight lower socioeconomic status abusive mothers with eight matched controls and eight middle class controls on three measures of emotional and somatic distress. Abusive mothers showed far greater depression and physical distress than controls and used more physical punishment. (BH)

Compared three groups of people (N=134) facing midcareer crisis using a structured interview. Suggested that Hopson and Adams' (1977) model can provide a framework for understanding emotional factors in voluntary career transitions. Janis and Mann's (1977) conflict model describes where in the decision-making process the groups chose alternative…

An extremely unpleasant film was shown to one group of students, while another group served as controls. Results suggest that, under conditions of stressful emotional arousal, learning outcomes are influenced predominantly by the combined effects of personality traits, motivational dynamics, and emotional states, which outweigh the influence of…

Described the development of the Mental Health Inventory, a measure of psychological distress and well-being, which was fielded in four large samples having different characteristics (N=5,089). Results provided strong psychometric support for a hierarchical model and scoring options ranging from five distinct constructs to reliance on one summary…

Two experiments were conducted to isolate the trait-anxiety-reducing effects of transcendental meditation (TM) from expectation of relief and the concomitant ritual of sitting twice daily. The results strongly support the conclusion that the crucial therapeutic component of TM is not the TM exercise. (Author)

Females who differed on a measure of parental identification discussed public and private areas of experience during dyadic interviews. Supporting the assumption that fathers are crucial to the expressive-role development of daughters, subjects who identified primarily with father were more personally disclosing overall and talked longer and…

A psychological consequence for children physically abused in their own homes is a pattern of behavior that perpetuates their role of scapegoat with peers and adults outside their homes. (JH)

Defines some dimensions of poverty, determines the scope and consequences of poverty in an affluent society to its black youths, reviews the existing strategies to combat poverty, examines a number of the major characteristics of poverty (as different from poverty in less affluent societies) and suggests other ways and means of alleviating and…

Asserts that "the best way to grasp the human significance of photography is...to think of camera, film, and tripod as...evolutionary developments as much a part of human nature as the opposable thumb" and examines what people prefer to photograph, the photographer subject relationship, the psychology of the photographer and pictures as creators…

Compares the patterns of fear of crime among the aged and the non-aged. Four key specifying variables were used in the analysis--sex, race, socioeconomic status, and size of community. Findings indicated that elderly respondents who were either female, black, or metropolitan residents possessed extremely high fear rates. (Author)

Fear of crime among 104 elderly in three southern California communities was studied through collection of data concerning physical and social environments, perception of safety, and fear of crime and precautions taken. The central city group tends to manifest most fear, which is inversely associated with social support variables. (Author)