This paper reviews the concept of adaptive behavior, the etiology of maladaptive behavioral patterns in learning-disabled individuals, and age-related trends in life adjustment. It advocates the use of adaptive behavior measures to identify homogeneous subtypes of learning disabilities, to predict educational consequences, and to determine…

Administered questionnaire on college student drinking problems and attitudes to 167 Australian college students. Compared results to those obtained in previous studies of students in United States and Singapore. Found number of significant sex differences in drinking patterns and behaviors of Australian college men and women. Australian subjects…

Examined perception of ethicalness of some common beliefs, frequency of ethical behaviors, and agreement between ethical beliefs and behavior of college counseling center personnel (n=137). Results of the national survey identified areas in which staff were practicing in an ethical fashion and areas in which staff may need clarification of ethical…

Gender-differential socialization within/across the home, school, and informal youth association were examined using self-reports of 220 Israeli adolescents in grades 8-10. Three components of socialization arenas--openness, control, and deviation--were delineated. The deviation of boys was a stronger and more sensitive function of openness and…

A two-year study of four effective secondary school principals suggests that a principal's actions can be represented by a value-based model (or Markov chain) in which beliefs and values lead to goals, activities, and outcomes. Findings show that no one value set brings about more effective leadership than another. (27 references) (MLH)

Argues that maintaining a distinction between public and private spheres of behavior can obscure the inequities experienced by lesbian and gay persons in the public sphere of academia. How distorted logic supports the public/private dichotomy is demonstrated through interviews of a lesbian faculty member. (SLD)

Sexual behavior, knowledge of sexually transmitted disease and condoms, and condom use was studied among 116 African American and white incarcerated adolescents in Seattle (Washington). Results indicate that these adolescents are at high risk and suggest that programs designed solely to increase knowledge are unlikely to effect behavior change.…

Notes that public school system has experienced dramatic rise in antisocial and aggressive behavior patterns among its student population in past quarter-century, especially within last decade. Highlights current understanding of causal influences, behavioral characteristics, long-term developmental outcomes, and promising interventions with these…

Examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and leisure behavior. Discussions include alcohol consumption in relation to leisure activity patterns and experiences, as well as the implications for the leisure service profession and the approaches professionals can use to deter alcohol consumption. (GLR)

A large-scale analysis was conducted of problem behavior by observing 20 individuals living in residential facilities. Data were converted into scatter plot formats. When the data were transformed into aggregate "control charts," 12 of 15 sets of data revealed 30-minute intervals during which problem behavior was more likely to occur.…

A study of 62 children (ages 7 to 12) with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 62 controls found that behavioral variables established robust, statistically significant differences between groups. Children with ADHD also scored worse on 31 out of 61 neuropsychological variables, but obtained better scores on WISC-R Comprehension…

Grouped 72 Chinese and Indian 4-year olds with a friend and an acquaintance to study cultural influences on sharing resources. Findings from these representatives of two collectivist cultures highlight the importance of cultural beliefs on young children's behaviors and the interaction between sharers and recipients. (SLD)

Compared entrance and exit scores for 16 patients completing outpatient treatment for sex offenders. Statistically significant outcome measures and clinical improvements were obtained. Follow-up in 26 months yielded one reoffender. Results support the use of outpatient behavior therapy in reducing deviant sexual arousal and enhancing appropriate…

Used an event-based approach to study the nature of coordination in 3- and 6-month olds during interaction with their caregivers. Found that infants coordinated their vocalizations and facial actions more than expected by chance. When two communicative events were temporally associated across modalities, one event tended to be embedded within the…

A survey of 390 residential deaf, and hard-of-hearing students, ages 3 to 24 years, in the United Kingdom, found that children without additional disabilities did not show stereotyped behaviors, though about 35% of children with additional disabilities (especially vision, learning, and/or autism) did show such behaviors. (DB)