Argues that listening is an integral part of composing by discussing the results of several listening/writing exercises (retellings of short stories or parts of novels). Notes that basic writers learned to hear the reader-voice in texts, thereby developing their internal writer's voice and better control of their writing. (RS)

Asserts that basic writers must learn to consciously manage written patterns to become better writers. Reviews six studies focusing on lexical and syntactic differences between written and spoken English, and suggests focal points for teaching writing patterns to basic writers. Examines two case studies which demonstrate writing pattern…

Proposes that students' problems controlling the rhetorical features of school discourse (inventing a purpose within one's writing that will also serve the external purpose of impressing a grader) are as fundamental to the difficulties of basic writers in college writing as their syntactical and mechanical errors. (SR)