To help children develop a concept of "words," this document introduces parallels from languages other than English so that children, especially those learning English as a second language, can become aware of similarities across languages and recognize links between their first language and English. Answers to questions often asked by…

Illustrated instructions are provided for constructing 32 teaching aids. To be used with blind and visually limited children, the aids are designed to assist the child in exploration, discrimination, and recognition; spatial orientation and association of tactual symbology; likenesses and differences in tactual group symbols; word association and…

Research was conducted to determine the degree to which sampling vs. comparison processes account for age changes in referential communication. Children at three different grade levels communicated referents within related and unrelated word pairs. The word pairs used were from Cohen and Klein (1968). From their list of 30 related pairs, half were…

This article contains eight principles for teaching the adult beginning reader. Each principle is based on classical, established, or new research and learning theory related to the adult reader. With each principle, a brief rationale for its development is presented and practical instructional strategies are indicated. (Author/CH)

Summarizes and updates original study done on reading and writing development of a preschool child. (SRT)

This study investigated the ability of second-grade children to employ initial and final consonant substitution as a technique in word identification. An instrument of 44 one-syllable simulated words and a measurement to ascertain consonant phoneme knowledge were used to study 90 second-grade pupils, approximately equal in general characteristics.…

THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE APPROACHES TO THE INSTRUCTION OF WORD ANALYSIS TASKS WAS STUDIED. A NUMBER OF PHONIC AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS GENERALIZATIONS, APPLIED TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF WORDS ABOVE THE PRIMARY LEVEL IN DIFFICULTY, WERE PRESENTED TO EIGHTH- AND NINTH-GRADERS OF AVERAGE MENTAL ABILITY BUT WHO WERE WEAK IN…

Outlines diverse strategies (contextual clues, palindromes, figurative language/idioms, etc.) for increasing vocabulary skills of gifted readers in the lower primary grades, using children's literature to supplement good tradebooks. (NKA)

To supplement other lists of most useful words based on such criteria as frequency of usage, range, and availability, this listing measures the capacity of 3,000 words of the French vocabulary to define, extend the meaning of, or to replace other words. Descriptions of the measures of definition, inclusion, extension, and combination are followed…

Compares strategies used to infer the meanings of unknown words by three NNS readers--a good reader, an average reader, and a poor reader--from a series of six readings. The good reader uses a wider range of strategies than the weaker ones; all readers "read in" meanings from their own specialized subject (in this case chemistry). (15…

Explores the "translation-recognition" task, using two experiments, one for adult Dutch learners of English and the second for people from the same population. Results suggest that translation recognition and translation production respond to the same manipulations, except when cognates and noncognates are focused on separately. (23…

A study analyzing word characteristics that make them more easily translated from English to French (or vice versa) indicates that translation efficacy is most strongly influenced by the frequency of the word in the language, its familiarity, and the similarity of the French equivalent to the English word. (Author/CB)

Nonverbal context is important in the language acquisition process. The present study compares different amounts and ordering of pictorial context with respect to their effect on learning word-referent relations in a second language. Twenty-five monolingual English-speaking high school students were shown twenty Spanish sentences and pictures of…

The background of word association tests is described, their potential relevance to second language (L2) research considered, and the history of their use as L2 measuring instruments reviewed. A computer-controlled word association test is described. The test was not established as a valid indicator of language proficiency. (Author/LMO)

Stressing language development as the prime component of all learning, this resource book presents suggestions to teachers to aid them in developing children's descriptive language. Basic to the described activities is the concept that vocabulary development is essentially concept development, requires a variety of experiences, and results from…