Four experiments involving 367 college students and 259 sixth graders demonstrate that children and adults, when asked to represent vision schematically, have a bias to draw arrows pointing away from the eye and toward a visual efferent. The role of this type of representation in learning is discussed. (SLD)

The construct validity of the Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT) (H. Hooper, 1983) was studied by comparing it to conceptually similar and dissimilar cognitive abilities in a principal components analysis of results from 240 participants with cognitive impairment. Results suggest that the VOT is best considered a measure of visual-spatial…

Using the split-middle methods of trend estimation, evaluates the accuracy of interpretation of single subject data by comparing raters' visual analysis of behavior change with statistical determination of behavior change. Results indicate visual analysis accuracy was less than chance. Rater and student characteristics largely did not affect the…

Two studies of development of spatial representation with two dimensions found that children as young as five years use the same two independent dimensions in fine-grained spatial coding of location in a circle as adults use--radius and angle. The adult pattern, where angle as well as radius is coded hierarchically, emerges by nine years. (HTH)

Tested visual-perceptual, attentional, and visual-motor skills of 16 school-age children who had been born pre-term and "healthy," and 16 who had been born full-term. Found that compared to subjects born full-term, pre-term subjects performed well on most visual perception tasks, but less well on visual search and visual-motor tasks.…

Defines visualization as the product and the process of creation, interpretation, and reflection upon pictures and images. Analyzes, exemplifies, and reflects upon the many different and rich roles that it can and should play in the learning and doing of mathematics. Discusses limitations and possible sources of difficulties visualization may pose…

Examined children's and adults' perceptions of facial stimuli that were either systematically exaggerated (caricatures) or de-exaggerated (anticaricatures) relative to a norm face. Found that all ages perceived caricatures as the most distinctive version and anticaricatures as least distinctive; the smallest effect was for 6-year-olds. Caricatures…

A recognition-based paradigm was used to investigate possibility that past research failed to sensitively assess infants' perception of the unity of misaligned edges in partial occlusion displays. Results suggested that habituation designs tapping recognition processes may be particularly efficacious in revealing infants' perceptual organization.…

Matching-to-sample skills are involved in language acquisition and reading and counting abilities. The rapid, even errorless, induction of matching performances in young children and 28 individuals with mental retardation (ages 11-20) was demonstrated through the structuring of a visual array that promoted detection of the relevant stimulus.…

Three experiments investigated discrimination and memory of 5.5-month-olds for videotapes of women performing different activities (blowing bubbles, brushing hair, brushing teeth) or static displays after a 1-minute and a 7-week delay. Findings demonstrate the attentional salience of actions over faces in dynamic events to 5.5-month-olds. Findings…

Visual analysis is examined as the dominant analytical method for single-case time series, in a study with 37 postgraduate research students which varied serial dependence, amount of random variability, and effect size. False alarm rates were high, but miss rates were low, indicating that visual analysts are not conservative judges, and serial…

The study with 34 gifted fifth-grade students found that a concrete sequential approach to developing visual literacy was more effective than an abstract visualization approach. Subjects either received guided visualization or direct instruction on such art concepts as shape, form, line, color, perspective, variety, and unity. (DB)

Delineates how the transition from one element to another facilitates the identification of individual form and function. Explains the process of bridging separate forms and functions to give meaning to what is seen. (KEH)

Describes a modified alphabet for beginning readers based on psychologies of reading and visual perception. The Graphophonic Alphabet (GP) is explained, motivations for modifying the alphabet are discussed, and possibilities for teaching phonics and second languages as well as reading with the GP and microcomputers are considered. (16 references)…

In tennis as well as in other racket/paddle sports, simply watching the ball does not guarantee success in hitting the ball to the desired location. Teachers and coaches should teach players to integrate available visual, spatial, and kinesthetic information. Several drills for good ball contact are outlined. (IAH)