The importance of content-relevant pictures in the comprehension of the main idea of a paragraph was investigated. Various reading conditions were constructed which contained a paragraph, a picture, or both, each with three types of instructions. In addition, the effects of paragraph readability, student grade placement (grade 3 and 6), and sex…

Since vision is the main source of perceptual information, this study attempted to assess the effect of motion information on the ability of ninety-two, first-grade children to analyze and depict spatial relationships. Three groups of children received either motion picture or stationary visual training to compare motion effects with methods more…

The Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT) was used for a differential diagnosis of anxiety-ridden children aged 4-16 years. Signs of open fright in the test situation showed the greatest correlation with symptoms of paroxysmal anxiety (in older children). Other severe signs of anxiety were fusion between the hero and the threat, leaking defense…

This report summarizes studies of perceptual, decoding, and lexical stages of processing in reading. Using a letter identification task, it was found that subjects who were low in overall reading ability scan a visual image more slowly than do high ability readers and are slower in identifying letters when they do not occur in a familiar sequence.…

In an earlier study, subjects who were shown the two words "inside" and "consult" at two different points in a study list of two syllable words were willing to accept the word "insult" as having been on the study list. It was concluded that each syllable had a representation in memory over and beyond the semantic factors which are normally…

The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the nature of the reading process through an understanding of the general nature of sensory processing mechanisms which reorganize and restructure input signals for central recognition, and an understanding of how the grammar of the language functions in defining the set of possible sentences in…

The reading performances of fifteen blind readers and fifteen sighted readers were compared by evaluating the reading performances of each reader reading at instructional level from Lippincott's "Basic Reading Series" and from Form A of the "Gray Oral Reading Test." Nine matched pairs of subjects read at grade one first reader level and six pairs…

Ninety-nine preoperational stage children learned 24 pictorial paired-associates at one of three levels of concreteness: low detail line drawings, high detail line drawings, high detail line drawings with a verbal prompt. Within each of these groups, one-third of the subjects received either visual attentional training, no training, or were…

In an effort to examine the pragmatic effects of definitions of learning disabilities and identification procedures, information was gathered on the characteristics of 53 children (grades 1 through 7) who had been previously diagnosed as learning disabled. Results of tests such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the Illinois Test…

Examined with 297 primary grade children were the effects on reading ability of matching a child's learning style with a compatible teaching method. After Ss' auditory or visual modality preference had been determined they were randomly assigned to classes so that 1/3 of each class showed an auditory preference, 1/3 showed a visual preference, and…

This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that subjects must know the length of the viewing matter they will be scanning before the target is presented in order to scan efficiently. Adult subjects were required to scan visually for a predetermined item. Targets were one, two, or four letters in length and the pairs of slides shown on…

Evaluated were the properties and fine structures of averaged visually evoked potentials (AVEP) in 60 normal children between the ages of 2 and 9 years. Electroencephalographic recordings were taken while white diffuse flashes were used to deliver visual stimuli to the Ss. Three types of AVEP patterns were discerned, with no relationship observed…

To determine the effectiveness in spelling instruction of using only the auditory sensory mode as compared to using both the visual and auditory modes when children check their own tests, students in grades 4 and 6 completed three experimental lessons and three control lessons. For the experimental lessons, an overlay was prepared which enabled…

Forty-eight boys and girls, from ages 4 to 8 and with wide differences in intelligence, were subjects in a study which examined the role of visual perception in the oral language production of young children. Five tests were administered: one to sample visual perception, the others to measure selected skills of oral language--syntactical,…

Two studies were carried out to measure the difficulties in visual perception which affect the reading abilities of disadvantaged children. The first study involved children in the first grades of eight poverty-area schools. Results reinforced earlier findings that urban disadvantaged children scored poorly on tests of visual perception.…