Current standards of data presentation and analysis in biological journals often fall short of ideal. This is the first of a planned series of short articles, to be published in a number of journals, aiming to highlight the principles of clear data presentation and appropriate statistical analysis. This article considers the methods used to show…

Although the performance of American 5- and 8-year-olds was superior to the Guatemalans, the 11-year-olds in both cultures performed at an equally high level. (Authors)

Study explored the manner in which young children utilize meaning clues implicit in nonlinguistic aspects of context to aid comprehension of difficult sentences. (Editor)

To guide the unbiased process of visual inference, a four-step model is presented for the assessment of reliability, intervention effect, meaningfulness, and generalizability. A Visual Inference Checklist (VIC) systematizes this assessment process. (Author)

Performance was consistently higher for pictures than for words, and this difference was unaffected by age, response mode, or presentation paradigm. (Author)

This document is a collection of 12 forms that have been designed to aid school personnel in the processing of standardized achievement tests. The forms adapt to any typical achievement test whether the scale is a classroom or a large school organization. These forms are essentially a visual aid to interpretation. For the pupil there are two forms…

Results are discussed in terms of possible perceptual and mnemonic devices used for recall. (Authors)

Study directed at determining which aspect of photographic representations of children differing along dimensions of race and sex would acquire control over responses of Negro children. (Authors)

Study investigated whether the observed individual differences in visual pursuit endure beyond the neonatal period. (Authors/MB)

The addition in this study of both identical and similar test items did not influence the ability to recognize recurring characters. (Authors)

Eye movements latencies toward peripherally presented stimuli were measured in 10-year-old dyslexic and control children. Dyslexic subjects, previously found to be oversensitive to stimulation of the magnocellular channel, showed reduced latencies as compared to normally reading controls. An attention shifting task was also used which showed no…

Review of reversal learning data obtained from Ss of various developmental phases suggested that overtraining increases perseveration in pre-school children, and decrease perseveration in older (e.g., 1st grade) children. The present experiment tested this apparent trend. Children of two age groups (X = 4 yrs., 4 mos., vs. X = 6 yrs., 5 mos.)…

The fixation task used in this study measures the amount of time a child fixates or looks at a given picture as it is repeated over six trials and then is followed by a novel picture on the seventh. Two series of slides were used. The first was a redundant nonsocial visual stimulus: six trials of a slide showing 20 chromatic straight lines and a…

The Preschool Embedded Figures Test (PEFT), based partly on the Children's Embedded Figures Test, is a measure of field independence, or analytic functioning. It is intended to investigate the development of psychological differentiation in children as young as age three. The PEFT contains 27 black and white drawings (3 practice drawings and 24…

This study identified behaviors of sibling pairs interacting on a cognitive task and related these behaviors to sibling structure variables (age and sex of each sibling and age spacing between them) and to measure of cognitive abilities of the younger sibling. Subjects were 160 sibling pairs randomly selected from appropriate subpopulations of…