In teacher education, video representations of practice offer a motivating means for applying conceptual teaching knowledge toward real-world settings. With video analysis, preservice teachers can begin cultivating professional vision skills through noticing and reasoning about presented core teaching practices. However, with novices' limited…

Visual access has long been considered crucial for interpreters, providing essential kinesic cues such as gaze and facial expressions that enhance understanding and emphasis. Despite its acknowledged importance, empirical studies examining the impact of visual access on interpreters' performance remain limited. To date, conclusive evidence…

The empirical evidence concerning the question whether an instructor should be presented on online lecture slides is equivocal and two lines of theoretical reasoning exist. On the one hand, the instructor may distract from the content, thereby hampering learning; on the other hand, the instructor may function as a social cue that triggers a more…

In video lectures, instructors naturally produce nonverbal behaviors, such as gestures, facial expressions, and gaze guidance. Instructors' pointing gestures can act as attentional cues, directing students' attention, while their positive facial expressions can act as social cues, eliciting students' positive social response. The current study…

Online learning has been greatly widespread since the explosion of COVID-19. However, due to the lack of interaction between teachers and students in online courses, it is very difficult for students to focus on course content and complete the learning. Therefore, we developed a novel intelligent multilevel knowledge graph to help students quickly…

This study used an adapted alternating treatments design to compare the effectiveness of two different procedures for fading video prompts for teaching two individuals with developmental disabilities and moderate intellectual disability to independently perform two different daily living tasks. The tasks were systematically faded from video…

Experts perceive and evaluate domain-specific visual information with high accuracy. In doing so, they exhibit eye movements referred to as "expert gaze" to rapidly focus on task-relevant areas. Using eye tracking, it is possible to record these implicit gaze patterns and present them to histology novice learners during training. This…

Using a habituation paradigm with a three-switch design, the present study investigated whether 20-month-old French-learning infants use noun and verb morphosyntactic cues to learn novel words in dynamic events differentially when both the agent and the action interpretations are possible. Of particular interest was whether infants' initial…

Purpose: Software training is a new trend in software applications. A key problem with software training is that video tutorials are developed without considering the target audience. Although video tutorials are popular, little attention is given to their design features. This study aims to investigate how two multimedia research principles,…

For this study, 11 children with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were given directives containing prepositions in three cue conditions: (a) spoken alone, (b) a short video clip along with spoken cues, and (c) a sequence of three graphic symbols accompanied by spoken cues. Participants followed directives significantly more…

Two experiments investigated the effects of an instructional video's setting on learners' retention and application of the video content. Experiment 1 explored competing hypotheses based on theoretical assumptions about whether an authentic setting would serve as a distraction or as a cue for the instructor's expertise. Participants (N = 59)…

Visual supports are content provided in a visual manner that help people to navigate and/or make sense of the world around them. The use of visual supports has been identified as an evidence-based practice (EBP), with evidence of its effectiveness when used to address challenging behavior, school readiness outcomes, joint attention outcomes, or…

This study investigated the effects of instructor presence in instructional videos on learning and learners' emotional engagement. Sixty-six learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) at a Turkish university watched an English instructional video with either high-level instructor presence (whiteboard), low-level instructor presence…

Children are spending an increasing amount of time in front of screens. However, little is known about the content of educational media, particularly in relation to vocabulary instruction. Since vocabulary is an important predictor of later reading comprehension, it warrants a thorough investigation on how it is taught in educational media. This…

This paper investigates the effect of sentence complexity, specifically lexical and syntactic surprisal, on L2 listening difficulty. Psycholinguistic studies revealed that surprisal cases correlate with textual comprehension difficulty. Based on surprisal theory, these cases are less probable or expected, considering the precedent context, thus…