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Download full textKane, Michael T. – ETS Research Report Series, 2017
By aggregating residual gain scores (the differences between each student's current score and a predicted score based on prior performance) for a school or a teacher, value-added models (VAMs) can be used to generate estimates of school or teacher effects. It is known that random errors in the prior scores will introduce bias into predictions of…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Value Added Models, Scores, Teacher Effectiveness
Liu, Yuming; Robin, Frédéric; Yoo, Hanwook; Manna, Venessa – ETS Research Report Series, 2018
The "GRE"® Psychology test is an achievement test that measures core knowledge in 12 content domains that represent the courses commonly offered at the undergraduate level. Currently, a total score and 2 subscores, experimental and social, are reported to test takers as well as graduate institutions. However, the American Psychological…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Graduate Study, Psychological Testing, Scores
Zhang, Mo; Deane, Paul – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
In educational measurement contexts, essays have been evaluated and formative feedback has been given based on the end product. In this study, we used a large sample collected from middle school students in the United States to investigate the factor structure of the writing process features gathered from keystroke logs and the association of that…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Student Writing Models, Writing Processes, Factor Structure
Sawaki, Yasuyo; Sinharay, Sandip – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
This study investigates the value of reporting the reading, listening, speaking, and writing section scores for the "TOEFL iBT"® test, focusing on 4 related aspects of the psychometric quality of the TOEFL iBT section scores: reliability of the section scores, dimensionality of the test, presence of distinct score profiles, and the…
Descriptors: Scores, Computer Assisted Testing, Factor Analysis, Correlation
Braun, Henry; Qu, Yanxuan – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
This paper reports on a study conducted to investigate the consistency of the results between 2 approaches to estimating school effectiveness through value-added modeling. Estimates of school effects from the layered model employing item response theory (IRT) scaled data are compared to estimates derived from a discrete growth model based on the…
Descriptors: Value Added Models, School Effectiveness, Robustness (Statistics), Computation
Liu, Ou Lydia – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
The Secretary of Education's Commission on the Future of Higher Education emphasizes accountability in higher education as one of the key areas of interest. The Voluntary System of Accountability (VSA) was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of general public college education. This study examines how student progress in college, indicated by…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Educational Assessment, Academic Achievement, Scores
