According to Krashen's affective filter hypothesis, students who are highly motivated have their self-consciousness. When they enter a learning context with a low level of anxiety, they are much more likely to become successful language acquirers than those who do not. Affective factors such as motivation, attitude, and anxiety, have a direct…

African American male students in elementary schools are scoring approximately 30% lower than their peers in reading and content areas. There are many factors causing the discrepancy; indeed, the complexity of the problem has inhibited a clear solution. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine factors associated with low…

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a tutoring program and a traditional program in improving achievement, as well as interest, for students registered in low-achiever English classes in reading comprehension, language usage skills, and spelling. Thirty-two seniors tutored 32 freshmen in high schools in Gresham, Oregon. A…