Formative coaching, an approach that uses student work as the foundation for mentoring and professional development, can help principals become more effective instructional leaders. In formative coaching, teaches and coaches analyze student work to determine next steps for instruction. This article shows how a principal can use the steps of the…

When the paraprofessional in bilingual education is used effectively, individual needs and individual differences of the students are met. An approach to the training of the paraprofessional has been developed at the Merrimack Education Center (MEC). The training program involves active participation of all paraprofessionals. Understanding and…

This study compared the results of four different methods of observing teacher training. In addition, it used the results to identify those training techniques which seemed to be better at changing teachers' behavior in their classrooms. Twenty-nine teachers were trained by five trainers in five weekly training sessions, which were tape recorded.…