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Direct linkEmily J. Warburton; Paul Caldarella; Howard P. Wills; Rebecca Winters – Journal of Behavioral Education, 2025
English language learners (ELL) and Hispanic students are at an increased risk for academic difficulty. Effective classroom management strategies may help these students, but teachers often report lack of training in such strategies. Class-wide Function-related Intervention Teams in Middle School (CW-FIT MS) is a research-based intervention that…
Descriptors: English Learners, Hispanic American Students, At Risk Students, Teacher Competencies
Kelsey A. Johnson; Paul Caldarella; Howard P. Wills; Blake D. Hansen; Erika J. Richards – Remedial and Special Education, 2025
Teachers have the responsibility of managing student classroom behavior. The positive effects of evidence-based classroom management methods, like Class-Wide Function-related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT), have been demonstrated in a variety of settings; however, research on the efficacy of CW-FIT in special education classrooms is scarce. The…
Descriptors: Special Education, Middle School Students, Middle School Teachers, Teacher Student Relationship
Peyton A. Johnstone; Paul Caldarella; Christian V. Sabey; Howard P. Wills – Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2025
Class-wide Function-related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is a classroom management intervention in which teachers incorporate positive behavior support (PBS) principles by teaching specific classroom expectations and providing feedback on student behavior as part of an interdependent group contingency. Interventions like CW-FIT may be helpful for…
Descriptors: Student Behavior, Self Contained Classrooms, Students with Disabilities, Emotional Disturbances
Paul Caldarella; Ross A. A. Larsen; Leslie Williams; Howard P. Wills – Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2023
Middle school teachers frequently struggle with positively managing student behavior. However, praise-to-reprimand ratios (PRRs) have received little research attention. PRRs studied in elementary school have been positively associated with improvements in on-task and prosocial behavior, but limited research has been conducted on optimal PRRs in…
Descriptors: Teacher Student Relationship, Correlation, Prosocial Behavior, At Risk Students
Download full textPaul Caldarella; Ross A. A. Larsen; Leslie Williams; Howard P. Wills – Grantee Submission, 2021
Middle school teachers frequently struggle with positively managing student behavior. However, praise-to-reprimands ratios (PRRs) have received little research attention. PRRs studied in elementary school have been associated positively with improvements in on-task and prosocial behavior, but limited research has been conducted on optimal PRRs in…
Descriptors: Teacher Student Relationship, Correlation, Prosocial Behavior, At Risk Students
Paul Caldarella; Ross A. A. Larsen; Leslie Williams; Howard Wills; Debra Kamps; Joseph H. Wehby – Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2018
Students with deficits in social skills have been found to experience both short- and long-term problems, including interpersonal conflicts and academic difficulties. These problems are compounded for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Classwide function-related intervention teams (CW-FIT), a multitiered classroom management…
Descriptors: At Risk Students, Behavior Disorders, Emotional Disturbances, Interpersonal Competence
Paul Caldarella; Ross A. A. Larsen; Leslie Williams; Howard P. Wills; Debra M. Kamps; Joseph H. Wehby – Grantee Submission, 2017
Students with deficits in social skills have been found to experience both short- and long-term problems, including interpersonal conflicts and academic difficulties. These problems are compounded for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Class-wide function-related intervention teams (CW-FIT), a multi-tiered classroom management…
Descriptors: At Risk Students, Behavior Disorders, Emotional Disturbances, Interpersonal Competence
