In various fields, including college admission, medical board certifications, and military recruitment, high-stakes decisions are frequently made based on scores obtained from large-scale assessments. These decisions necessitate precise and reliable scores that enable valid inferences to be drawn about test-takers. However, the ability of such…

While there has been growing evidence that autonomy-supportive parenting is associated with the ability of Western adolescents to thrive, it is less clear this relationship exists in other cultural contexts. This study primarily explored the relationship between parental autonomy support (PAS) and Chinese adolescents' digital citizenship behavior…

First-year seminar (FYS) courses tend to focus on preparing students for successful academic and social integration into the college environment. Many of the studies on FYS courses focus on measuring outcomes such as college grades, retention, and graduation rates. While there is notable documentation of several different types of FYS courses,…

One of the most challenging tasks in the field of Educational Data Mining (EDM) is to cluster students directly based on system-student sequential moment-to-moment interactive trajectories. The objective of this study is to build a general temporal clustering framework that captures the distinct characteristics of students' sequential behaviors…

School consultants who rely on direct observation typically conduct observational samples (e.g., 1 30-min observation per day) with the hopes that the sample is representative of performance during the remainder of the day, but the representativeness of these samples is unclear. In the current study, we recorded the problem behavior of 3 referred…

In three experiments, four chimpanzees made choices between two visible food options to assess the validity of the "selective value effect" (the assignment of value to only the most preferred type of food presented in a comparison). In Experiment 1, we established that all chimpanzees preferred single banana pieces to single apple pieces before…

A study is reported of the relationships between an abbreviated dogmatism scale, two dogmatism subscales, and perceptions of time. Among the conclusions, it was found that for men and women, dogmatism relates to anxiety about time, a reduction in the present's and future's importance, and an emphasis on the past. (Author)

To determine by classical time-estimation procedures if Type A persons estimate the passage of time differently than Type B persons, undergraduate male students, classified by the Jenkins Activity Survey, were asked to estimate several time periods. Responses to verbal, production, and reproduced time-estimation tasks were not significantly…

Observers can decide what kind of relationship exists between two people by identifying cues provided by the pattern of benefits given and received in relationships and the type of relationship, either communal or exchange. Communal relationships, i.e., friendships or romances, are characterized by feelings of responsibility for each other's…

The tendency of more than 1100 males and females aged 17-92 to daydream about the past, present, and future was determined. Contrary to common belief, no linear relation between age and daydreaming about the past was observed, and all temporal orientations were of near equal strength at all ages. (Author)

Hours allocated to discretionary and obligatory activities are analyzed through personal status variables--sex role, child-rearing responsibility, work, and income. Also, life styles are differentiated by how the discretionary time is used--social interaction, participation types of activity; passive forms of activity, or rest and relaxation. (BL)

Samples (N=2) of older and samples (N=2) of younger adult respondents, surveyed in 1972 and in 1978 with regard to permissiveness toward specific sexual behaviors, revealed considerable, but not complete, attitudinal similarity between men and women in all groups and increased permissiveness toward nonmarital sexual behaviors among older adults.…

The results indicated that those subjects who possessed the coronary-prone behavior pattern (Type As) arrived earlier than those subjects who did not exhibit this behavior pattern (Type Bs). (Author)

Conducted two studies to test the notion that various factors, i.e., situation-personal, may differentially affect degrees of entrapment (amount invested) depending upon the point in time at which they are introduced. The results of both studies suggest amount invested depends upon timing in the entrapment process. (RC)