The Title I program, the federal government's largest elementary and secondary school program, has been redesigned in order to make improvements in the nation's poorest schools. This handbook comprises the first of two volumes that provide examples of schools and communities working together to provide children with more time to learn. The book…

The Title I program, the federal government's largest elementary and secondary school program, has been redesigned in order to make improvements in the nation's poorest schools. This handbook comprises the second of two volumes that provide examples of schools and communities working together to provide children with more time to learn. The book…

The changes that occurred when a high school in Chattanooga (Tennessee) implemented a seven-period day in place of the traditional six periods were studied. The total time for instruction remained the same, but less time was available for specific subjects because each class was shortened by 10 minutes (from 55 to 45 minutes). Study participants…

The major objective of this study was to determine if the achievement of students in a two-hour block would be comparable to students in a three-hour block. Data on student attitudes, attendance, and dropout rates were also gathered to see if there were any positive correlations between resultant data in these areas and student achievement in the…

This report provides descriptive data on allocated time in reading and mathematics for grades two and five as reported by a sample of California teachers participating in one phase of the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study. The procedures used by teachers to record information are described and data are presented for the A-B period, October to…

This approach to the study of classroom teaching-learning processes concentrates on pupil time and the various ways in which it is used. The conceptual framework contrasts with most earlier studies that report teacher behavior as the most direct influence on pupil achievement. Two premises form the basis of the framework: (1) The total amount of…

This book presents detailed descriptions of alternative types of block schedules and discusses their effects on teachers and students. The book shows administrators how to organize their schools so that time enhances instruction and fosters learning. Chapter 1 discusses problems with the traditional high school schedule and chapter 2 provides…

Full school days of first and second grades were observed in three inner city schools with primarily minority enrollments. Detailed logs were recorded of activities in terms of subject area, grouping setting, and presence or absence of teacher or aide supervision. The base data and their summaries with respect to pupil and teacher time are…

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between amount of instructional time and student achievement. Two questions were addressed: (a) Do students who have more time allocated to a particular subject area also learn more in that area? and (b) Do students who spend more "engaged time" in a particular subject area learn more in that…

This study examines three aspects of educational time: (1) quantity of time in school; (2) quality of time in school; and (3) students' uses of out-of-school time. The study identified two types of strategies that altered school uses of time--multiage groupings, and flexible school schedules. It concludes that the decision to increase the quantity…

In 1995 the Metropolitan Educational Research Consortium (MERC), Richmond (Virginia) commissioned a study of alternative high school scheduling modules to determine the effects of different schedules on teaching strategies, teacher and student satisfaction, and student and school performance. This report presents the results of an analysis of a…

Examines the implementation of an alternating day schedule in middle school. It is suggested that block scheduling provides an effective instructional alternative to the traditional six- or seven-period format, creating a relaxed atmosphere while decreasing stress and improving attitudes of both students and teachers. Blocks provide a gradual…

This report describes the research design of a study that identified and evaluated a collection of reforms designed to enhance learning by altering the amount of and/or the quality of time devoted to learning. The study focused on the quantity and quality of time that teachers and students spent in school and, to a lesser extent, students'…

This document records a study made on the amount of time students spend on academic learning. Data were collected in two different ways: (1) Teachers kept logs of the content of instruction and the amount of time spent in different content areas. Records of individual students were kept throughout the year, first on a daily basis and later on a…

A central theme in the history of American education in the 20th century is the expansion of formal schooling for more children. This literature review surveys the research on the educational uses of time, with a focus on the quantity and quality of time that teachers and students spent in school and, to a lesser extent, students' out-of-school…