This article explores the role of self-efficacy in distance education. We argue that self-efficacy in distance education needs to be considered in terms of dimensions different from face-to-face education. Based on our literature review, we highlight three critical dimensions of self-efficacy in distance education: academic, learning, and social.…

Whole-class mathematical discussion in a problem-solving activity is recognized as a powerful pedagogical activity but also a challenge for teachers who must consider several difficulties that learners might face, particularly in terms of an overload of Working Memory and Executive Functions. This study investigates how the use of a digital…

Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) has received increasing attention for its role in promoting learners' cognitive and social development in STEM education. However, little is known about how learners interact dynamically within a group at different time granularities. This gap mainly resulted from overlooking the time dimension of interactions,…

This study investigated the computational thinking (CT) practices of eight pre-service teachers through their Scratch and Python programs. Conducted within an undergraduate-level computer science education course, students learned CT concepts via parallel instruction in block-based programming (Scratch) and text-based programming (Python). The…

Students' problem-solving strategies and the differences among strategy groups were explored by analyzing the process data collected during student interactions with computer-based science items. Data were gathered from 1516 eleventh-grade students from 4 schools in China. Analyses of the sequences of students' response actions revealed that the…

Research suggests some sequences of examples and problems (i.e., EE, EP) are more effective (higher test performance) and efficient (attained with equal/less mental effort) than others (PP, sometimes also PE). Recent findings suggest this is due to motivational variables (i.e., self-efficacy), but did not test this during the training phase.…

Academic emotions play an important and complex role in self-regulated learning (SRL). However, few studies have examined how academic emotions unfold in different phases of SRL and how the changes in these emotions influence learning performance. The current study examines 98 students' academic emotion trajectories and profiles across the three…

National Science Foundation (NSF) funded Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) programs provide opportunities for professional development for teachers. The goal of the RET site at North Dakota State University (NDSU), established in May 2020 (NSF Awards #1953102 and #2224135), was to increase the knowledge of secondary (6th to 12th grade)…

This longitudinal study tests the optimal placement of cooperative learning during instruction. Pre-service teachers (N = 97) were taught about psychology theories applied to educational contexts and were asked to apply this knowledge in problem-solving activities using relevant classroom cases. Participants were assigned to either (Early) or…

Learning does not automatically occur by playing educational games; instead, learning opportunities should be carefully designed in such games. For instance, research has indicated the importance of embedding learning supports within educational games to promote learning and other outcomes (e.g., enjoyment). However, more research is needed to…

Spaced and interleaved practices have been identified as effective learning strategies which sometimes are conflated as a single strategy and at other times treated as distinct. Learning sessions in which studying information or practicing problems are spaced in time with rest-from-deliberate-learning periods between sessions generally result in…

Following the continental tradition of phenomenological pedagogy, this paper focuses on the lived time and space of school -- and on contexts in which school is understood as a democratic community. It does so by comparing and contrasting related works of G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), Martinus Langeveld (1905-1989) and Eugen Fink (1905-1975). It shows…

Background/Context: Kindergarten mathematics instruction is critical for students' future academic success. The nature and quality of this instruction may vary depending on classroom characteristics. However, little empirical work has examined how mathematics instruction in kindergarten might differ based on classroom performance levels. Purpose,…

The ability to formulate problems is an important part of computational thinking (CT) development for nurturing creative problem solvers. However, problem formulation is inadequately addressed in primary school education. This study aimed to investigate the problem formulation processes of primary school students. Students from eight winning teams…

Children with mathematical difficulties need to spend more time than typically achieving children on solving even simple equations. Since these tasks already require a larger share of their cognitive resources, additional demands imposed by the need to switch between tasks may lead to a greater decline of performance in children with mathematical…