Investigates the construct validity of the Clark-Trow typology and its two dimensional substrate with principal components analyses, clarifying their relationships to a variety of higher educational variables. Study provides a conceptual basis for understanding student objectives in the pursuit of higher education. (Contains 20 references and 2…

Discusses the phenomenon of communicative language testing as it emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s as a reaction against tests constructed of multiple choice items and the perceived overemphasis of reliability. Traces the legacy of the communicative movement from its first formulation, through present conundrums, to tomorrow's research…

Explores developments in the philosophy and epistemology of language testing with particular reference to the notion of "responsibility." Argues that as the millennium changes, language testing is at a point of change, as well. (Author/VWL)

Studied the phonological representations of adult less skilled readers compared to those of adult skilled readers and adolescent reading-age controls. Participants were tested on a paired confrontation naming and spelling task. Results confirm that there are weaknesses in the phonological representations of known and new words for adult less…

Differentiating between additive (quantitative) and interactive (qualitative) effects of comorbidity has important treatment implications. This study illustrates the heuristic superiority of a multifactorial approach over simple group comparisons in testing quantitative versus qualitative models of comorbidity. Analysis of variance was used to…

New instructors and students frequently are unfamiliar with examination types and rationales. This article surveys exam types and the motives for employing each of these testing methods.

This article is concerned with the seemingly simple problem of testing whether latent factors are perfectly correlated (i.e., statistically indistinct). In recent literature, researchers have used different approaches, which are not always correct or complete. We discuss the parameter constraints required to obtain such perfectly correlated latent…

We introduce a family of goodness-of-fit statistics for testing composite null hypotheses in multidimensional contingency tables. These statistics are quadratic forms in marginal residuals up to order "r." They are asymptotically chi-square under the null hypothesis when parameters are estimated using any asymptotically normal consistent…

We conducted the present study to investigate whether college students adjust their study strategies to meet the cognitive demands of testing, a metacognitive self-regulatory skill. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two testing conditions. In one condition we told participants to study for a test that required deep-level cognitive…

The accurate measurement of examinee test performance is critical to educational decision-making, and inaccurate measurement can lead to negative consequences for examinees. Person-fit statistics are important in a psychometric analysis for detecting examinees with aberrant response patterns that lead to inaccurate measurement. Unfortunately,…

In this article, I use concepts from Michel Foucault to analyze the ways in which the high-stakes accountability movement has appropriated the technology of the examination to redefine the educated subject as a normalized case. Partly this has become possible because of the role that educational research has played in laying out the conditions for…

Latent Inhibition (LI) attenuation when a long delay is introduced between acquisition and test phases has been repeatedly observed using aversive conditioning procedures (e.g., Aguado, Symonds, & Hall, 1994). This effect has been used as evidence to support those theories that consider LI to be the result of a retrieval failure. We designed three…

Although there has been a substantial growth in the number of published studies examining tests of cognitive abilities and using contemporary theories of cognitive abilities, to date none have done so with preschool cognitive tests. In this study the relation between cognitive ability measures for young children and Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC)…

Elementary students in programs for gifted and highly gifted students were tested using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5). Students' scores on the SB5 were significantly lower than their scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III). In addition, rank order was not well preserved between…

Children aged 2 and 3 years were tested for a previously neglected form of knowledge about visual perception; namely, whether an observer can see a figure that is partially occluded. The results indicate that for children of this age the visibility of a figure's face is crucial for judging visibility, whereas the visibility of the legs is not.…