BESIDES QUESTIONS ABOUT THE VALIDITY OF TESTS AS PREDICTORS, AN IMPORTANT ISSUE IS THEIR SOCIAL EFFECTS IN FOUR AREAS--(1) THE INFLUENCE OF TEST SCORES ON THE OPPORTUNITIES OPEN TO INDIVIDUALS, (2) THE INFLUENCE OF TEST SCORES ON THE KINDS OF ADVICE GIVEN IN SCHOOLS AND COUNSELING AGENCIES, (3) THE EFFECTS OF SUCH "OBJECTIVE" INFORMATION ON AN…

This study was designed to factor analyze the correlation matrices of a number of studies utilizing the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA). All of the correlation matrices were analyzed on the same program using the same criteria. By this approach, it was possible to examine trends between studies. More factors tended to appear as…

This report evaluating the Kansas Reflection-Impulsivity Scale for Preschoolers (KRISP), developed as an easier task version of the Matching Familiar Figures Test for school-age children, presents an analysis of data on 1,408 children of widely varying backgrounds. Eighteen samples of children, ranging in age from 2 years and 5 months to 6 years…

Originally designed to provide teachers with feedback and also used as a quantitative tool for specifying teacher behavior consistent with a psychological model of teaching described by Tuckman (1974), the Tuckman Teacher Feedback Form (TTFF) is a 28-item semantic differential which generates four scores in the areas of creativity, dynamism…

The construction of an objective, self-report, objectively-scored measure of achievement motivation is reported. Empirically keyed items were developed, reflecting empirical results found in a review of achievement motivation literature. An initial item pool consisting of 153 self-report items was administered using a matrix sampling approach to…

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of the analytical method of grading essays in relation to the holistic method. It was hypothesized that the use of the analytic method to rate college composition papers produces high rater reliability at the expense of biasing the raters and thus lowering the validity of the grades. Six…

Subjects are asked to answer six questions, partly with a frequency and partly by marking a verbally anchored scale with five categories. Some univariate and multivariate analyses are performed to elucidate the relations between variables with the two different modes of response. Although there are similarities in results for the two types of…

Three basic concerns in measurement were selected, and their importance for the classroom teacher were illustrated. These were test validity, reliability, and problems in measuring achievement gains. Test validity was dependent upon content, type and quality of the questions, adequacy with which the test sampled reading skills, and the care with…

Four conceptually different variables in reading: (1) knowledge gained (new information), (2) amount comprehended (degree of understanding), (3) reading aptitude (differences between individuals), and (4) reading improvement (within individual changes as a result of treatment) are discussed. Existing measures of reading comprehension are evaluated…

The Career Development Responsibility scale was designed to measure the extent to which students feel that reinforcement in terms of success in preparation-acquisition performance situations in a career are considered to be contingent on the student's own behavior. The 30-item instrument was written so that two items represent each cell of a 3x5…

The general purpose of this study was to determine the effects of similarities between stems and keyed choices on test difficulty. Unlike previous investigations of this undesirable characteristic of some multiple-choice items, the present study employed items that were unintentionally faulty and samples of examinees who were highly experienced…

The Behavioral Objectives Writing Skills Test (BOWST) was designed to provide an estimate of the elementary teacher's ability to write behavioral objectives. This instrument, which requires the teacher to develop three behavioral objectives for each of four hypothetical classroom settings, has wide utility as a teacher-training tool. It may be…

The development and preliminary validation of an instrument to measure attitude toward school subjects (GRASS) is described. An item pool consisting of 30 items was generated and refined. A 23 Likert item scale was then administered to 893 eleventh and twelfth grade high schools Ss. A principal component analysis and obliquimax transformation…

Data required for evaluating a Criterion Referenced Measurement (CRM) is described with a matrix. The information within the matrix consists of the "pass-fail" decisions of two CRMs. By differentially defining these two CRMs, different concepts of reliability and validity can be examined. Indices suggested for analyzing the matrix are listed with…

The United States Training and Employment Service General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB), first published in 1947, has been included in a continuing program of research to validate the tests against success in many different occupations. The GATB consists of 12 tests which measure nine aptitudes: General Learning Ability; Verbal Aptitude; Numerical…