Primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various scoring methods on the reliability and validity of the Primary Test of Economic Understanding (PTEU). the PTEU was designed to be scored using the matched pair procedure. (Authors)

Six different approaches to scoring test data, including number right, correction for guessing, and answer-until-correct, were investigated using Monte Carlo techniques. Modes permitting multiple response showed higher internal consistency, but there was little difference among modes for a validity measure. (JKS)

This study assessed the invariance in the factor structure of the "Test of English as a Foreign Language"™ Internet-based test (TOEFL® iBT) across subgroups of test takers who differed in native language and exposure to the English language. The subgroups were defined by (a) Indo-European and Non-Indo-European language family, (b)…

The problem engendered by the Matching Familiar Figures (MFF) Test is one of instrument integrity (II). II is delimited by validity, reliability, and utility of MFF as a measure of the reflective-impulsive construct. Validity, reliability and utility of construct assessment may be improved by utilizing: (1) a prototypic scoring model that will…

Until data is obtained concerning the regression of job-performance on test-performance, the setting of passing scores on professional licensing and certification examinations will contain some degree of arbitrariness. Data from performance domains suggests that some tests have differential validity and an adverse impact on minority groups,…

Because previous reports have suggested that the lowered validity of tests scored with empirical option weights might be explained by a capitalization of the keying procedures on omitting tendencies, a procedure was devised to key options empirically with a "correction-for-guessing" constraint. Use of the new procedure with Graduate…

The most consistently used scoring system for the rod-and-frame task has been the total number of degrees in error from the true vertical. Since a logical case can be made for at least four alternative scoring systems, a thorough comparison of all five systems was performed. (Author/CTM)

Paper is concerned with the effect that ipsative scoring has upon a commonly used index of between-subtest correlation. (Author)

The purpose of this paper was to provide an empirical test of the hypothesis that elimination scores are more reliable and valid than classical corrected-for-guessing scores or weighted-choice scores. The evidence presented supports the hypothesized superiority of elimination scoring. (Author)

Some perceived difficulties with conventional multiple choice tests are mentioned, and a modified form of examination is proposed. It uses a computer program to award partial marks for partially correct answers, full marks for correct answers, and check for widespread misunderstanding of an item or subject. (MSE)

Students in an introductory college course (n=275) responded to equivalent 20-item halves of a test under number-right and formula-scoring instructions. Formula scores of those who omitted items overaged about one point lower than their comparable (formula adjusted) scores on the test half administered under number-right instructions. In contrast,…

Investigated were the effects of two levels of penalty for incorrect responses on two dependent variables (a measure of risk-taking or confidence, based on nonsense items, and the number of response-attempts to legitimate items) for three treatment groups in a 2x3, multi-response repeated measures, multivariate ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) design.…

Two multitrait-multimethod studies were conducted to investigate the effects of two scoring formulas. The study demonstrates that tests of divergent thinking lack discriminant validity when scored in the usual manner. A percentage formula did enhance discriminant validity when originality ratings were subjectively determined. (Author/CTM)