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Vafaee, Payman; Suzuki, Yuichi; Kachisnke, Ilina – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2017
Several previous factor-analytic studies on the construct validity of grammaticality judgment tests (GJTs) concluded that untimed GJTs measure explicit knowledge (EK) and timed GJTs measure implicit knowledge (IK) (Bowles, 2011; R. Ellis, 2005; R. Ellis & Loewen, 2007). It has also been shown that, irrespective of the time condition chosen,…
Descriptors: Grammar, Second Language Learning, Knowledge Level, Factor Analysis