On a multiple-choice test in which each item has k alternative responses, the test taker is permitted to choose any subset which he believes contains the one correct answer. A scoring system is devised. (Author/CTM)

Describes confidence testing methods (confidence weighting, probabilistic marking, multiple alternative selection) as alternative to computer-based, multiple choice tests and explains potential benefits (increased reliability, improved examinee evaluation of alternatives, extended diagnostic information and remediation prescriptions, happier…

The characteristics of three threshold loss agreement indices which reflect the agreement or consistency in assignment to mastery-nonmastery status are reviewed. These are proportion of agreement, coefficient kappa, and modified kappa. (Author/MT)

A Confidence-rating scale accompanying answers on a listening test helps distinguish between learners who select answers based on effective self-monitoring and those whose answers are based on poor self-monitoring. The latter are more likely to do so subsequently as well. Test items and a rating scale are illustrated. (Author/LMO)

Medical and dental students were administered two short confidence-scored tests on cellular and molecular biology. Increases in test reliability and predictive validity were found when test scores were adjusted for realism, but were not statistically significant. (Author/MH)